菩提薩埵

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See also: 菩提萨埵

Chinese

		bodhi; bodhi tree	sentient beings, living things; bodhisattva
trad. (菩提薩埵)		菩提	薩埵
simp. (菩提萨埵)		菩提	萨埵

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “enlightened existence”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pútísàduǒ

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄙㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄛˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pútísàduǒ
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄙㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄛˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pútísàduǒ
  - Wade–Giles: pʻu²-tʻi²-sa⁴-to³
  - Yale: pú-tí-sà-dwǒ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwutyisahduoo
  - Palladius: путисадо (putisado)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵ sä⁵¹ tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Middle Chinese: bu dej sat twaX

Rime
Character	菩	提	薩	埵
Reading #	1/4	2/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	定 (7)	心 (16)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	齊 (39)	曷 (63)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	IV	I	I
Fanqie	薄胡切	杜奚切	桑割切	丁果切
Baxter	bu	dej	sat	twaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buo/	/dei/	/sɑt̚/	/tuɑ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/buo/	/dei/	/sɑt̚/	/tuɑ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/bo/	/dɛi/	/sɑt̚/	/tuɑ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bɔ/	/dɛj/	/sat̚/	/twa^X/
Li Rong	/bo/	/dei/	/sɑt̚/	/tuɑ^X/
Wang Li	/bu/	/diei/	/sɑt̚/	/tuɑ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱuo/	/dʱiei/	/sɑt̚/	/tuɑ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pú	tí	sa	duǒ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pou⁴	tai⁴	saat³	do²

Noun

菩提薩埵

(Buddhism) bodhisattva
- 菩提薩埵依般若波羅蜜多故，心無罣礙。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  菩提萨埵依般若波罗蜜多故，心无罣碍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 7th century, Xuanzang (translator), Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra;
  Translation from: Red Pine (2008) The Platform Sutra: The Zen Teaching of Hui-Neng, Counterpoint Press, →ISBN, page 149.
  Pútísàduǒ yī bōrě bōluómìduō gù, xīn wú guà'ài.
  Bodhisattvas take refuge in Prajnaparamita, and their minds are without obstruction.

Synonyms

摩訶薩埵／摩诃萨埵 (móhēsàduǒ)
(short form) 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (菩提薩埵):

→ Japanese: 菩(ぼ)提(だい)薩埵(さった) (bodai-satta)
→ Korean: 보리살타(菩提薩埵) (borisalta)
→ Vietnamese: bồ đề tát đỏa (菩提薩埵)

See also

菩提 (pútí)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
菩	提	薩	埵
ぼ Jinmeiyō	だい Grade: 5	さち > さっ Jinmeiyō	た Hyōgai
kan'yōon	goon		kan'on

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 菩提薩埵 (MC bu dej sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “enlightened existence”).^[1]

Equivalent to 菩提 (bodai, “bodhi, enlightenment”) +‎ 薩埵 (satta, “being”).

Noun

菩(ぼ)提(だい)薩(さっ)埵(た) • (bodai-satta)

(Buddhism) a bodhisattva
- 7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
  …無(む)智(ち)亦(やく)無(む)得(とく)。以無(いむ)所(しょ)得(とく)故(こ)。菩(ぼ)提(だい)薩(さっ)埵(た)。依(え)般若(はんにゃ)波羅(はら)蜜多(みった)故(こ)。心(しん)無(む)罣(けい)礙(げ)。無(む)罣(けい)礙故(げこ)。無有(むう)恐怖(くふ)。
  …mu chi yaku mu toku, i mu shotoku ko. Bodai-satta, e hannya haramitta ko, shin mu keige, mu keige ko, mu u kufu.
  …there is no knowledge and attainment because there is nothing to attain. The Bodhisattva rests in the wisdom that has been perfected. Because his heart is free of attachments, he has no fear.^[2]
Synonym: 菩薩 (bosatsu)

See also

開(かい)士(し) (kaishi)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Mark Hosak, Walter Luebeck (2006) The Big Book of Reiki Symbols: The Spiritual Transition of Symbols and Mantras of the Usui System of Natural Healing, illustrated edition, Lotus Press, →ISBN, page 304

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