蔓延る

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蔓 延
はびこ
Jinmeiyō Grade: 6
jukujikun

Shift from 蔓延る (hobikoru) below. Cognate with 阻む (habamu, “to prevent, thwart”), 憚る (habakaru), and possibly 幅 (haba, “width”).

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from 蔓延 (man’en).

Pronunciation

Verb

蔓延(はびこ)る • (habikoru) intransitive godan (stem 蔓延(はびこ)り (habikori), past 蔓延(はびこ)った (habikotta))

  1. (of vegetation) to grow lushly
  2. (of something undesirable) to be found abundantly; to run rampant
Conjugation
Conjugation of "蔓延る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 蔓延ら はびこら habikora
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 蔓延り はびこり habikori
Shūshikei ("terminal") 蔓延る はびこる habikoru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 蔓延る はびこる habikoru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 蔓延れ はびこれ habikore
Meireikei ("imperative") 蔓延れ はびこれ habikore
Key constructions
Passive 蔓延られる はびこられる habikorareru
Causative 蔓延らせる
蔓延らす 		はびこらせる
はびこらす 		habikoraseru
habikorasu
Potential 蔓延れる はびこれる habikoreru
Volitional 蔓延ろう はびころう habikorō
Negative 蔓延らない はびこらない habikoranai
Negative continuative 蔓延らず はびこらず habikorazu
Formal 蔓延ります はびこります habikorimasu
Perfective 蔓延った はびこった habikotta
Conjunctive 蔓延って はびこって habikotte
Hypothetical conditional 蔓延れば はびこれば habikoreba

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蔓 延
ほびこ
Jinmeiyō Grade: 6
jukujikun

Pronunciation

Verb

蔓延(ほびこ)る • (hobikoru) intransitive godan (stem 蔓延(ほびこ)り (hobikori), past 蔓延(ほびこ)った (hobikotta))

  1. Synonym of 蔓延る (habikoru)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "蔓延る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 蔓延ら ほびこら hobikora
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 蔓延り ほびこり hobikori
Shūshikei ("terminal") 蔓延る ほびこる hobikoru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 蔓延る ほびこる hobikoru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 蔓延れ ほびこれ hobikore
Meireikei ("imperative") 蔓延れ ほびこれ hobikore
Key constructions
Passive 蔓延られる ほびこられる hobikorareru
Causative 蔓延らせる
蔓延らす 		ほびこらせる
ほびこらす 		hobikoraseru
hobikorasu
Potential 蔓延れる ほびこれる hobikoreru
Volitional 蔓延ろう ほびころう hobikorō
Negative 蔓延らない ほびこらない hobikoranai
Negative continuative 蔓延らず ほびこらず hobikorazu
Formal 蔓延ります ほびこります hobikorimasu
Perfective 蔓延った ほびこった hobikotta
Conjunctive 蔓延って ほびこって hobikotte
Hypothetical conditional 蔓延れば ほびこれば hobikoreba

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ “憚”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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