蜂
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蜂 (hachi): a bee collecting pollen.
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Translingual
Han character
蜂 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 中戈竹水十 (LIHEJ), four-corner 57154, composition ⿰虫夆)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1084, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33088
- Dae Jaweon: page 1551, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2857, character 7
- Unihan data for U+8702
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
蜂 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | 夆 | |
| alternative forms | 蚌 𧊵 𧋴 䗬 蠭 | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 邦 | *proːŋ |
| 梆 | *proːŋ |
| 垹 | *proːŋ |
| 肨 | *pʰroːŋs, *pʰroːŋs |
| 蚌 | *broːŋʔ, *breːŋʔ |
| 玤 | *broːŋʔ |
| 棒 | *broːŋʔ |
| 蜯 | *broːŋʔ |
| 琫 | *poːŋʔ |
| 菶 | *poːŋʔ, *boːŋʔ |
| 俸 | *poːŋʔ, *boŋs |
| 髼 | *boːŋ |
| 蜂 | *boːŋ, *pʰoŋ |
| 韸 | *boːŋ |
| 蓬 | *boːŋ |
| 篷 | *boːŋ |
| 唪 | *boːŋʔ, *boŋʔ |
| 埲 | *boːŋʔ |
| 丰 | *pʰoŋ |
| 妦 | *pʰoŋ |
| 仹 | *pʰoŋ |
| 峯 | *pʰoŋ |
| 峰 | *pʰoŋ |
| 鋒 | *pʰoŋ |
| 烽 | *pʰoŋ |
| 蠭 | *pʰoŋ |
| 桻 | *pʰoŋ |
| 莑 | *pʰoŋ |
| 夆 | *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds |
| 捧 | *pʰoŋʔ |
| 逢 | *boŋ |
| 縫 | *boŋ, *boŋs |
| 漨 | *boŋ |
| 捀 | *boŋ, *boŋs |
| 奉 | *boŋʔ |
Simplified from 蠭. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːŋ, *pʰoŋ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 夆 (OC *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds) – a kind of insect.
Etymology
Cognate with Tibetan བུང་བ (bung ba, “bee”) (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT lists 蜂 as a Chinese comparandum under its Proto-Sino-Tibetan root *pljum (“bee, wasp”).
May be ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔu(ə)ŋ ~ hu(ə)ŋ (“bee, wasp, hornet”), whence Vietnamese ong (“bee”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fung1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phûng / fûng
- Jin (Wiktionary): feng1
- Northern Min (KCR): póng
- Eastern Min (BUC): pŭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1fon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fong
- Wade–Giles: fêng1
- Yale: fēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feng
- Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fung1
- Yale: fūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: fung1
- Guangdong Romanization: fung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phûng
- Hakka Romanization System: pung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: pung1
- Sinological IPA: /pʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phûng / fûng
- Hakka Romanization System: pung´ / fung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: pung1 / fung1
- Sinological IPA: /pʰuŋ²⁴/, /fuŋ²⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: feng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /fə̃ŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: póng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: pŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- phang - vernacular;
- hong - literary.
Note:
- pang1 - vernacular;
- hong5 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: buwng, phjowng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰ(r)oŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*boːŋ/, /*pʰoŋ/
Definitions
蜂
- Apoidea or Vespa (wasps, bees and hornets)
- 聖人師蜂，立君臣；師蜘蛛，立網罟；師拱鼠，制禮；師戰蟻，置兵。眾人師賢人，賢人師聖人，聖人師萬物。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 《關尹子/关尹子》, 300s BCE
- Shèngrén shī fēng, lì jūnchén; shī zhīzhū, lì wǎnggǔ; shī gǒngshǔ, zhì lǐ; shī zhàn yǐ, zhì bīng. Zhòngrén shī xiánrén, xiánrén shī shèngrén, shèngrén shī wànwù.
- The sages learned from the bees to have monarchs and subjects, and they learned from the spiders to have nets of justice. They learned from the ground squirrels to establish politeness, and they learned from the warring ants to deploy armies. The masses learn from the worthies, the worthies learn from the sages, and the sages learn from the myriad things.
圣人师蜂，立君臣；师蜘蛛，立网罟；师拱鼠，制礼；师战蚁，置兵。众人师贤人，贤人师圣人，圣人师万物。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (specifically) honey bee
- 蜂蜜 ― fēngmì ― honey
- swarm
Synonyms
- (honeybee):
Dialectal synonyms of 蜜蜂 (“honeybee”)
Compounds
- 一窩蜂／一窝蜂 (yīwōfēng)
- 剔蠍撩蜂／剔蝎撩蜂
- 吐飯成蜂／吐饭成蜂
- 土蜂
- 女王蜂
- 寄生蜂 (jìshēngfēng)
- 小蜂
- 山蜂
- 工蜂 (gōngfēng)
- 招蜂引蝶
- 捅馬蜂窩／捅马蜂窝 (tǒng mǎfēngwō)
- 採花蜂／采花蜂
- 掇蜂譖子／掇蜂谮子
- 撩蜂吃螫
- 撩蜂撥刺／撩蜂拨刺
- 浪蝶游蜂
- 浪蝶狂蜂
- 熊蜂 (xióngfēng)
- 狂蜂浪蝶 (kuángfēnglàngdié)
- 狼猛蜂毒
- 玄狐蜂
- 盜賊蜂起／盗贼蜂起
- 稷蜂社鼠
- 糖蜂仔 (Hakka)
- 細腰蜂／细腰蜂
- 胡蜂 (húfēng)
- 葉蜂／叶蜂 (yèfēng)
- 虎頭蜂／虎头蜂 (hǔtóufēng)
- 蛇口蜂針／蛇口蜂针
- 蜂仔 (Hakka)
- 蜂仔炮 (Min Nan)
- 蜂兒／蜂儿 (fēng'ér)
- 蜂出
- 蜂刺
- 蜂午並起／蜂午并起
- 蜂子 (fēngzi)
- 蜂屯蟻聚／蜂屯蚁聚
- 蜂岫 (Min Nan)
- 蜂巢 (fēngcháo)
- 蜂巢胃 (fēngcháowèi)
- 蜂房 (fēngfáng)
- 蜂擁／蜂拥 (fēngyōng)
- 蜂擁而上／蜂拥而上 (fēngyǒng'érshàng)
- 蜂擁而至／蜂拥而至 (fēngyǒng'érzhì)
- 蜂毒
- 蜂毒素 (fēngdúsù)
- 蜂毒肽
- 蜂湧／蜂涌
- 蜂湧而出／蜂涌而出
- 蜂準／蜂准
- 蜂炮
- 蜂王 (fēngwáng)
- 蜂王乳
- 蜂王漿／蜂王浆 (fēngwángjiāng)
- 蜂目豺聲／蜂目豺声 (fēngmùcháishēng)
- 蜂窩／蜂窝 (fēngwō)
- 蜂窩兒／蜂窝儿
- 蜂窩煤／蜂窝煤 (fēngwōméi)
- 蜂竇／蜂窦
- 蜂箱 (fēngxiāng)
- 蜂糕
- 蜂糖 (fēngtáng)
- 蜂群
- 蜂聚
- 蜂腰 (fēngyāo)
- 蜂腰削背
- 蜂膠／蜂胶 (fēngjiāo)
- 蜂舞
- 蜂蒙
- 蜂蜜 (fēngmì)
- 蜂蝦／蜂虾 (Min Nan)
- 蜂蠆有毒／蜂虿有毒
- 蜂蠟／蜂蜡 (fēnglà)
- 蜂衙
- 蜂起 (fēngqǐ)
- 蜂農／蜂农
- 蜂門／蜂门
- 蜂集
- 蜂響器／蜂响器
- 蜂鳥／蜂鸟 (fēngniǎo)
- 蜂鳴器／蜂鸣器
- 蜂黃／蜂黄
- 蜜蜂 (mìfēng)
- 蝶粉蜂黃／蝶粉蜂黄
- 螞蜂／蚂蜂 (mǎfēng)
- 螞蜂兒子／蚂蜂儿子
- 蟻聚蜂屯／蚁聚蜂屯
- 蠟蜂／蜡蜂 (làfēng)
- 角蜂
- 赤眼卵蜂
- 遊蜂戲蝶／游蜂戏蝶
- 遊蜂浪蝶／游蜂浪蝶
- 鋸蜂／锯蜂
- 長腳蜂／长脚蜂
- 隧蜂
- 雄蜂 (xióngfēng)
- 雌蜂
- 青蜂
- 養蜂／养蜂 (yǎngfēng)
- 馬蜂／马蜂 (mǎfēng)
- 鹽水蜂炮／盐水蜂炮
- 麇集蜂萃
- 黃蜂／黄蜂 (huángfēng)
Descendants
- → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pʰɤŋꟲ (“bee; beeswax”)
References
- “蜂”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
蜂
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蜂 |
| はち Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
/pati/ → /fati/ → /fat͡ɕi/ → /hat͡ɕi/
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE with the logographic spelling 蜂. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *pati.
Compare Korean 벌 (beol, “bee, wasp, hornet”).
Pronunciation
Noun
- a bee, a wasp, a hornet or the like
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō:
- 蜂〈𧍙附〉 説文云蜂蠆〈峰帯二音 和名波知〉螫人虫也 四声字苑云𧍙〈音范〉蜂子也
- Bee (also 𧍙), has been said it is some kind of scorpion (The two characters are read futai; the Japanese pronunciation is fati). stings people, insects, etc. (The four characters are read syau-zi-won-un). Also called 𧍙 (read ) and FUSI.
- (slang, used by criminals) a window
- (slang, used by criminals) a police officer
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).
Derived terms
- 蜂角鷹 (hachikuma), 蜂熊 (hachikuma)
- 蜂鳥 (hachidori, “hummingbird”)
- 蜂蜜 (hachimitsu, “honey”)
- 穴蜂 (anabachi)
- 虻蜂 (abubachi)
- 小繭蜂 (komayubachi)
- 熊蜂 (kumabachi)
- 雀蜂 (suzumebachi), 胡蜂 (suzumebachi, “yellow jacket”)
- 似我蜂 (jigabachi)
- 女王蜂 (jōubachi)
- 泥蜂 (dorobachi)
- 花蜂 (hanabachi, “bee”, more specifically)
- 姫蜂 (himebachi)
- 鼈甲蜂 (bekkōbachi)
- 蜜蜂 (mitsubachi, “honeybee”)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, pages 572-573
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “はち 【蜂】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)
(in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 蜂 (MC phjowng).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 포ᇰ (Yale: phwòng) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 벌〯 (Yale: pěl) | 보ᇰ (Yale: pwòng) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
Hanja
Compounds
Compounds
References
Okinawan
Kanji
蜂
Readings
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蜂 |
| はちゃー Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 蜂 (hachi, “bee”).
Noun
蜂 (hachā)
References
- “はちゃー【蜂】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.