蝴蝶
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蝴蝶 (1)
Chinese
| butterfly | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (蝴蝶) | 蝴 | 蝶 | |
| simp. #(蝴蝶) | 蝴 | 蝶 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 胡蛈 | ||
| alternative forms | 胡蝶 obsolete | ||
Etymology
From Middle Chinese *ɦuo dep (first syllable unstressed), from Old Chinese *ɡaː l'eːb, derived from a proto-form of *kʰleːp ~ *ɦleːp, a prefixed form of the root *lep (“butterfly”), which was also the source of.
Variants of 胡蝶 / 蝴蝶, representing different developments from the proto-form, including disyllabification, fricativisation of the voiceless initial, etc.:
There are different theories regarding the original meaning of the root *lep:
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ljap (“thin; flat; flat object”), represented by the phonetic element 枼 (OC *leb) in Chinese. Related to 葉 (OC *hljeb, *leb, “leaf”), 牒 (OC *l'eːb, “official document < plank”), Tibetan ལེབ་ལེབ (leb leb, “flat; level”), ལེབ་མོ (leb mo, “flat”) and Burmese လှပ် (hlap, “thin”). See 枼 for more.
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ljap (“lightning; flash; glitter”) (Matisoff, 2003), whence also 燁 (OC *ɢʷab, *ɢʷɯb, “gleaming”), 熠 (OC *ɢrub, *lub, “flashing”) and Burmese လျှပ် (hlyap, “(of light) to strike; to shine; lightning”). Compare Malay kerlap (“to flash; to glisten, as the wings of flying butterflies”), and Tagalog kislap ("to sparkle").
Alternatively, Sun (1999) proposes that 蝴蝶 is a fission reduplication of two cognate bases, the former being more likely:
- 挾 (OC *ɡeːb, “to press from both sides; to carry something under one's arms”), alluding to the flapping motion of the butterfly's wings, or
- 夾 (OC *kreːb, “pincers”), from the way the butterfly holds its wings erect when not flying.
Compare Proto-Austronesian *kali-, *qali- (prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world, including “butterfly”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu2 die2
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wu4 dip6-2 / wu4 dip6
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): vu3 iap5
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wu4 dip6-2 / wu4 dip6
- Gan (Wiktionary): fu4 tiet
- Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fu2 tiab6
- Jin (Wiktionary): hu1 dieh5
- Eastern Min (BUC): hù-diĕk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6wu-diq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu2 tie6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄉㄧㄝˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: húdié
- Wade–Giles: hu2-tieh2
- Yale: hú-dyé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwudye
- Palladius: худе (xude)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu³⁵ ti̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (蝴蝶兒 / 蝴蝶儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄉㄧㄝˊㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: húdiér
- Wade–Giles: hu2-tieh2-ʼrh
- Yale: hú-dyér
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwudye'l
- Palladius: худер (xuder)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu³⁵ ti̯ɛɻ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fu2 die2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu die
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu²¹ tiɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: wu4 dip6-2 / wu4 dip6
- Yale: wùh díp / wùh dihp
- Cantonese Pinyin: wu4 dip9-2 / wu4 dip9
- Guangdong Romanization: wu4 dib6-2 / wu4 dib6
- Sinological IPA (key): /wuː²¹ tiːp̚²⁻³⁵/, /wuː²¹ tiːp̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: vu3 iap5
- Sinological IPA (key): /vu²² iap̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fu4 tiet
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu³⁵ tʰiɛt̚²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: hu1 dieh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xu¹¹ tiəʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hù-diĕk
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu⁵³⁻³³ (t-)lieʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Hsinchu)
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘-tia̍p
- Tâi-lô: hôo-tia̍p
- Phofsit Daibuun: ho'diap
- IPA (Taipei): /hɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiap̚⁴/
- IPA (Singapore): /hɔ²⁴⁻²¹ tiap̚⁴³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ²³⁻³³ tiap̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hu5 diab8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hû tia̍p
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tiap̚⁴/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: fu2 tie6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɸu¹³ tʰi̯e̞²⁴/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: hu dep
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaː l'eːb/
Noun
蝴蝶
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- butterfly (Classifier: 隻／只)
- 昔者莊周夢為胡蝶，栩栩然胡蝶也，自喻適志與！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Xī zhě Zhuāng Zhōu mèng wéi húdié, xǔxǔrán húdié yě, zìyù shìzhì yú!
- Formerly, I, Zhuang Zhou, dreamt that I was a butterfly, a butterfly flying about, feeling that it was enjoying itself.
昔者庄周梦为胡蝶，栩栩然胡蝶也，自喻适志与！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Hokkien) hinge (device for the pivoting of a door)
Synonyms
- (butterfly):
Derived terms
- 夢裡蝴蝶 / 梦里蝴蝶
- 撲蝴蝶 / 扑蝴蝶 (pū húdié)
- 木蝴蝶 (mùhúdié)
- 紙蝴蝶 / 纸蝴蝶
- 花蝴蝶 (huāhúdié)
- 藍蝴蝶 / 蓝蝴蝶
- 蝴蝶刀 (húdiédāo)
- 蝴蝶夢 / 蝴蝶梦 (húdiémèng)
- 蝴蝶手 (húdiéshǒu)
- 蝴蝶效應 / 蝴蝶效应 (húdié xiàoyìng)
- 蝴蝶犬 (húdiéquǎn)
- 蝴蝶琴 (húdiéqín)
- 蝴蝶瓦 (húdiéwǎ)
- 蝴蝶穿花
- 蝴蝶粉
- 蝴蝶結 / 蝴蝶结 (húdiéjié)
- 蝴蝶花 (húdiéhuā)
- 蝴蝶蘭 / 蝴蝶兰 (húdiélán)
- 蝴蝶裝 / 蝴蝶装
- 蝴蝶酥 (húdiésū)
- 蝴蝶骨
- 蝴蝶魚 / 蝴蝶鱼 (húdié yú)
- 鴛鴦蝴蝶 / 鸳鸯蝴蝶 (yuānyānghúdié)
- 鴛鴦蝴蝶派 / 鸳鸯蝴蝶派
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (胡蝶, 蝴蝶):
See also
- 蛾 (é, “moth”)
- 毛毛蟲／毛毛虫 (máomaochóng, “caterpillar”)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 蝴 | 蝶 |
| こ Hyōgai |
ちょう Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi | |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 蝴蝶 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 蝴蝶, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |