規

See also: 规

規	U+898F, 規 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-898F

← 覎

CJK Unified Ideographs

覐 →

Translingual

Han character

規 (Kangxi radical 147, 見+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手人月山山 (QOBUU), four-corner 5601₀, composition ⿰夫見)

Derived characters

嫢, 摫, 槻, 槼, 瞡, 窺, 闚, 鬹, 䲅, 𡙭, 𡦑, 𫱟, 𤍮, 𧜴, 𪄯, 𱗪

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1133, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34810
Dae Jaweon: page 1600, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3664, character 17
Unihan data for U+898F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 規
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (規) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嫢	ɡeːnʔ, skʷel, *ɡʷilʔ
規	*kʷel
槻	*kʷel
鬹	*kʷel
摫	*kʷel
瞡	kʷels, kʷils
窺	*kʰʷel
闚	*kʰʷel

Traditionally an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 夫 (“husband”) + 見 (“see”).

Smith (2011) proposes that the left component is an abbreviation of the phonetic component 癸 (OC *kʷilʔ). Compare the Shizhoupian script form of 癸.

It's possible 規 originally referred to a compass used for drawing circles given its early usage. The right half 夫 may have depicted such a compass, as evidenced by variants where it is written with a 又 (“hand”) grabbing it.

Etymology 1

trad.		規
simp.		规
alternative forms		䂓／𰦔槼／规𩑬𩒙𩓠䂓／𰦔槼／规𩑬𩒙𩓠𧠹

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): guī (gui¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gui¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwai¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kûi

(Hailu, HRS): gui^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): gui¹
Eastern Min (BUC): giĕ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kui

(Teochew, Peng'im): gui¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kue

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guī
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guei
  - Wade–Giles: kuei¹
  - Yale: gwēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guei
  - Palladius: гуй (guj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: gui¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuei⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kwai¹
  - Yale: kwāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûi
  - Hakka Romanization System: gui^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gui¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ku̯i²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gui^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /kui⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gui¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kuɪ⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kie⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui
  - Tâi-lô: kui
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuy
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /kui³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Longyan): /kui³³⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gui¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹kue
  - MiniDict: kue^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kue
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kue⁵³/

Middle Chinese: kjwie

Rime
Character	規
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居隋切
Baxter	kjwie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiuᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/kjuɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwiə̆/
Li Rong	/kiue/
Wang Li	/kǐwe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷe/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷel/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	規
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guī
Middle Chinese	‹ kjwie ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷe/
English	compass, circle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	規
Reading #	1/1
No.	4604
Phonetic component	規
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	𩓸
Old Chinese	/*kʷel/
Notes	小徐見聲，與圜同源；古亦同窺，夫或癸省文

Definitions

規

Synonyms

(rule):

edit

例 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
則度 / 则度 (zédù) (literary)
守則 / 守则 (shǒuzé)
方案 (fāng'àn)
條例 / 条例 (tiáolì)
條規 / 条规 (tiáoguī)
法度 (fǎdù)
程度 (chéngdù) (archaic)
紀綱 / 纪纲 (jìgāng) (literary)
綱目 / 纲目 (gāngmù) (Classical Chinese)
繩墨 / 绳墨 (shéngmò) (figurative)
規則 / 规则 (guīzé)
規定 / 规定 (guīdìng)
規條 / 规条 (guītiáo)
規準 / 规准 (guīzhǔn) (literary)
規矩 / 规矩 (guījǔ)

(to plan):

edit

作計 / 作计 (zuòjì) (literary)
打算 (dǎsuàn)
拍算 (phah-sǹg) (Hokkien, Teochew)
拍達 / 拍达 (Xiamen Hokkien)
按算 (Hokkien)
擬 / 拟 (nǐ)
派胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
準備 / 准备 (zhǔnbèi)
營為 / 营为 (Hokkien)
盤算 / 盘算
策劃 / 策划 (cèhuà)
策動 / 策动 (cèdòng)
算 (suàn)
算打 (sáung-dā) (Eastern Min)
算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
籌劃 / 筹划 (chóuhuà)
考慮 / 考虑 (kǎolǜ)
規劃 / 规划 (guīhuà)
計劃 / 计划 (jìhuà)
計算 / 计算 (jìsuàn)
設 / 设 (shè)
設施 / 设施 (shèshī) (literary)
試圖 / 试图 (shìtú)
謀劃 / 谋划 (móuhuà)

(to exhort):

edit

勸告 / 劝告 (quàngào)
勸導 / 劝导 (quàndǎo)
勸解 / 劝解 (quànjiě)
勸誡 / 劝诫 (quànjiè)
告誡 / 告诫 (gàojiè)
奉勸 / 奉劝 (fèngquàn) (honorific)
忠告
懲 / 惩 (chéng) (literary, or in compounds)
戒飭 / 戒饬 (jièchì)
提醒 (tíxǐng)
正告 (zhènggào)
相勸 / 相劝 (xiāngquàn) (literary)
規勸 / 规劝 (guīquàn)
誘 / 诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
諧喙 / 谐喙 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
諫訓 / 谏训 (jiànxùn) (literary)
警告 (jǐnggào)
警示 (jǐngshì)
警誡 / 警诫 (jǐngjiè) (literary)

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad.		規
simp.		规
alternative forms		歸／归幾／几

Fuehrer and Yang (2014) propose that it derives from 幾 (OC *kɯl, “almost”).

Pronunciation

Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kui

(Teochew, Peng'im): gui¹

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûi
  - Hakka Romanization System: gui^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gui¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ku̯i²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui
  - Tâi-lô: kui
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuy
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kui³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gui¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui³³/

Definitions

規

(Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) whole; entire

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 整 (“whole; entire”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		整
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	整
	Malaysia	整
	Singapore	整
Cantonese	Guangzhou	成, 冚
	Hong Kong	成, 冚
	Taishan	成
	Singapore (Guangfu)	成, 冚
Hakka	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	成
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	規
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	規
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	規
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	規
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	規
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	規
Southern Min	Xiamen	規, 規圇, 交圇
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	規, 規圇, 交圇
	Quanzhou	規, 交圇
	Zhangzhou	規, 規尼, 間尼, 交圇
	Tainan	規
	Penang (Hokkien)	規
	Singapore (Hokkien)	規
	Manila (Hokkien)	規
	Chaozhou	夠, 咸, 交圇
	Jieyang	夠, 咸
	Singapore (Teochew)	夠
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	成

Compounds

Etymology 3

trad.		規
simp.		规

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guì (gui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guì
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
  - Wade–Giles: kuei⁴
  - Yale: gwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
  - Palladius: гуй (guj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

規

only used in 規規／规规 (guìguì)

Etymology 4

trad.		規
simp.		规

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xù (xu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xù
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syù
  - Wade–Giles: hsü⁴
  - Yale: syù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuh
  - Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵¹/

Definitions

規

(historical dictionaries only) alternative form of 瞁 (xù)

References

“規”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

規

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kun: のり (nori, 規)、ぶんまわし (bunmawashi)、ただす (tadasu, 規す)
Nanori: すのり (sunori)、のり (nori)、ただし (tadashi)

Compounds

Noun

Kanji in this term
規
のり Grade: 5
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 規 – see the following entry.

【のり】	rule, regulation, law norm, standard measure, scale, ruler (measuring device) measure, scale, size Alternative spellings 法, 則, 矩

(This term, 規, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

規 (eumhun 법 규 (beop gyu))

hanja form^? of 법 (“law; rule”)

Vietnamese

Han character

規: Hán Nôm readings: quy, qui

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

規

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Noun

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia