親

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See also: 亲
親 U+89AA, 親
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89AA
← 覩
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覫 →

Translingual

Japanese 親
Simplified 亲
Traditional 親

Han character

親 (Kangxi radical 147, 見+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜木月山山 (YDBUU), four-corner 06910, composition ⿰亲見)

Derived characters

Related characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1136, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34918
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1602, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3671, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+89AA

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 親
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Bronze script: phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 辛 (OC *siŋ) + semantic 見 (“see”).

Seal script: phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 𣓀 () + semantic 見 (“see”).

Etymology 1

trad. 親
simp. 亲*
alternative forms
 
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
𢾉
𧠍
𧠸
𧡿

Pronunciation

Note: cêng1 - Jieyang.
Rime
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七人切
Baxter tshin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰin/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		can1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 親
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*i/
English close; parents

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
No. 13804
Phonetic
component 		辛
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		親
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰin/
Notes 說文親（同榛）聲

Definitions

親

  1. ⁜ paternal relatives
  2. intimate; bosom; closely acquainted; beloved; dear
  3. parent(s); father and/or mother
  4. relatives; blood or marriage relation
  5. related by blood; blood (brothers, sisters)
  6. marriage; matrimony
  7. to be close to; to become intimate with
  8. to fraternise with; to support or endorse; pro-
    親中／亲中  ―  qīn Zhōng  ―  pro-China, usually meaning pro-CCP
  9. to approach; to go near; to get in touch with
  10. to kiss; to brush one's lips against
  11. personally; in person; with one's own (body part)
  12. close person; reliable person; intimate friend
  13. accurate; true
  14. 34th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "kinship" (𝌧)
  15. (Mainland China, Internet, customer service) dear sir or madam
  16. Alternative form of 新 (xīn, “to renew; to replace”)
  17. a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 吻 (“to kiss”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吻, 親, 親吻
Mandarin Beijing 吻, 親
Taiwan 吻, 親
Yantai (Muping) 親
Wanrong 親
Xi'an 親
Yangzhou 親
Singapore 吻, 親
Cantonese Guangzhou 惜, 啜, 痛
Hong Kong 惜, 啜, 嘴
Taishan 啜
Dongguan 啜
Singapore (Guangfu) 惜
Hakka Meixian 唚
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 唚
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 唚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 唚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 唚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 唚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 唚
Jin Taiyuan 親
Xinzhou 親
Northern Min Jian'ou 蜜
Songxi 鼻
Zhenghe 蜜
Jianyang 蜜
Wuyishan 敕
Pucheng (Shibei) 鼻
Eastern Min Fuzhou 唚
Southern Min Xiamen 唚
Xiamen (Tong'an) 唚
Quanzhou 唚
Shishi 唚
Zhangzhou 唚
Tainan 唚
Penang (Hokkien) 唚
Singapore (Hokkien) 唚
Manila (Hokkien) 唚
Chaozhou 唚
Shantou 唚
Singapore (Teochew) 唚
Haikou 惜
Wu Shanghai 香, 親
Shanghai (Chongming) 香
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 香
Suzhou 香
Hangzhou 香
Ningbo 親

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad. 親
simp. 亲*
alternative forms
 
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴 ancient
𡪔
𢾉
𧠍
𧠸
𧡿

Pronunciation

Note: Irregular, due to assimilation by the following velar k- initial of 家.
Note: chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - used in 親姆／亲姆.
Note: cêng1 - Jieyang.
Rime
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七遴切
Baxter tshinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰinH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰjenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰinH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiĕnH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭĕnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		can3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
No. 13806
Phonetic
component 		辛
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		親
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰins/

Definitions

親

  1. relationship between the families (especially the parents) of a married couple; in-laws

Compounds

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 親 – see 嚫.
(This character is a variant form of 嚫).

Etymology 4

trad. 親
simp. 亲*

Pronunciation

Definitions

親

  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 唚 (“to kiss”)

References

Japanese

Kanji

親

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. parent, elder

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
親
おや
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
祖

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *əya. Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, “to become old”, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.

Pronunciation

Noun

親(おや) • (oya) 

  1. a parent
  2. the originator or founder of a school, company, or other organization
  3. the boss or leader
  4. the larger one of several objects of the same kind
  5. (hanafuda, card games, by extension, board games) the dealer, (gambling) the banker
    Coordinate term: 子 (ko)
  6. one's ancestors, one's forebears
Idioms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Prefix

親(しん) • (shin-) 

  1. pro- (supportive of)
Antonyms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “親・祖”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 親 (MC tshin|tshinH). Recorded as Middle Korean 친 (chin) (Yale: chin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

親 (eumhun 친할 친 (chinhal chin))

  1. Hanja form? of 친 (“intimate”).
  2. Hanja form? of 친 (“relative; parent”).

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

親: Hán Nôm readings: thân

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