誤る

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
あやま
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
謬る (rare)

Etymology

Ultimately from Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

This was originally just the intransitive counterpart to transitive verb ayamatsu (spelled either 過つ or 誤つ).[2] Both may derive from classical verb ayamu (spelled either 怪む or 危む), itself derived from stem aya related to ideas of danger, as in terms 危うい (ayaui, risky, dangerous), 怪しい (ayashii, questionable, dubious; clumsy, awkward; foreboding (in a bad way); mysterious, bewitching).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「誤る
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
誤る やま
Imperative (命令形) 誤れ やま
Key constructions
Passive 誤られる やまられ
Causative 誤らせる やまらせ
Potential - - -
Volitional 誤ろう やまろ
Negative 誤らない やまらない
Negative perfective 誤らなかった やまらなかった
Formal 誤ります やまりま
Perfective 誤った やまった
Conjunctive 誤って やまって
Hypothetical conditional 誤れば やまれば

Verb

(あやま) (ayamaruintransitive godan (stem (あやま) (ayamari), past (あやま)った (ayamatta))

  1. to make a mistake, to err
    (あやま)のが人間(にんげん)である。
    Ayamaru no ga ningen de aru.
    To err is human
  2. to become in a bad mood, to become troubled or despondent
  3. to be unreasonable or irregular

(あやま) (ayamarutransitive godan (stem (あやま) (ayamari), past (あやま)った (ayamatta))

  1. to mistake one thing for another
  2. to choose in the wrong direction
    ()(あやま)
    mi o ayamaru
    to mistake one's self → to go astray, to go bad
  3. to deceive someone, to lead astray
    (ひと)(あやま)(ひと)(あやま)言動(げんどう)
    hito o ayamaru, hito o ayamaru gendō
    to lead someone astray, words and actions that lead someone astray
  4. to take something through deception, to deceive someone of something
    (ひと)(かね)あやまり
    hito no kane o ayamari
    deceiving people of their money
  5. to break a promise, to break one's word
    (ちぎ)れること(あやま)れる(ひと)
    chigireru koto ayamareru hito ni
    to a person who could break what they would promise

Conjugation

References

  1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN