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謙 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜口廿難金 (YRTXC), four-corner 08637, composition ⿰訁兼)
trad. | 謙 | |
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simp. | 谦 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰵋 |
Historical forms of the character 謙 | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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譧 | *r'eːms |
賺 | *r'eːms |
尲 | *kreːm |
鹻 | *kreːmʔ |
歉 | *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms |
槏 | *kʰreːmʔ |
鰜 | *ɡreːm, *keːm |
稴 | *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm |
豏 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms |
甉 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm |
廉 | *ɡ·rem |
鎌 | *ɡ·rem |
鬑 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
鐮 | *ɡ·rem |
簾 | *ɡ·rem |
薕 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
蠊 | *ɡ·rem |
嬚 | *ɡ·remʔ |
溓 | *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ |
嵰 | *kʰremʔ |
隒 | *ŋɡremʔ |
熑 | *ɡ·reːm |
濂 | *ɡ·reːm |
燫 | *ɡ·reːm |
兼 | *keːm, *keːms |
縑 | *keːm |
鶼 | *keːm |
蒹 | *keːm |
搛 | *keːm |
謙 | *kʰeːm |
膁 | *kʰeːmʔ |
嗛 | *kʰeːmʔ |
慊 | *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb |
傔 | *kʰeːms |
馦 | *qʰeːm |
嫌 | *ɡeːm |
鼸 | *ɡeːmʔ |
尷 | *kreːm |
Cognate with 歉 (OC *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms, “deficient”), 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem, “upright; having integrity; uncorrupt”) (Schuessler, 2007), Tibetan ཁྲམ་པ (khram pa, “modest”) (Geilich, 1995).
Variety | Location | 謙 |
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Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰian²¹/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰian²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰiã²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕʰiã⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃n³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰien⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕʰiĩ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰie̞¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰie³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰiɪ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰiẽ̞³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰi³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰie³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡sʰiɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰiẽ³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰiẽ³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kʰiam⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kʰiɑm²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /him⁵³/ |
Nanning | /him⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /him⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰiam⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰieŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kiŋ⁵⁴/ /kʰiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰiam³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /xiam²³/ |
謙
Shinjitai | 謙 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
謙󠄁 謙+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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謙󠄃 謙+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
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謙 (eumhun 사양할 겸 (sayanghal gyeom))
謙: Hán Việt readings: khiêm[1][2]
謙: Nôm readings: khem[1][3], khiêm[1][2], khom[4], khòm[4], khọm[3]