警察
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Chinese
| to alert; to warn; police | examine; inquire; observe examine; inquire; observe; inspect; look into; to examine | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (警察) | 警 | 察 | |
| simp. #(警察) | 警 | 察 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin3 ca2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jìngcǎ
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jǐnchåq
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җинца (žinca, I-I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ging2 caat3
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'jin3 cat6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing2 ca1
- Northern Min (KCR): gěng-chuŏi
- Eastern Min (BUC): gīng-chák
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): kèng-chhat / kéng-chhat
- (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng6 cag4
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): giang2 caat2
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5cin-tshaq
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin3 ca6
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): jin3 ca2*
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): jin3 ca6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄔㄚˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jǐngchá
- Wade–Giles: ching3-chʻa2
- Yale: jǐng-chá
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiingchar
- Palladius: цзинча (czinča)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jin3 ca2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ginca
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵³ t͡sʰa²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: jìngcǎ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³ t͡sʰa²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: jǐnchåq
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jin3 chaq5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕĩ¹¹ ʈ͡ʂʰaʔ⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җинца (žinca, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ging2 caat3
- Yale: gíng chaat
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging2 tsaat8
- Guangdong Romanization: ging2 cad3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɪŋ³⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: 'jin3 cat6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˈt͡ɕin²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰat̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín-chhat
- Hakka Romanization System: ginˋ cadˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gin3 cad5
- Sinological IPA: /kin³¹ t͡sʰat̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jing2 ca1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³ t͡sʰa¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gěng-chuŏi
- Sinological IPA (key): /keiŋ²¹ t͡sʰuɛ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng-chák
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ (t͡sʰ-)ʒɑʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng-chhat
- Tâi-lô: kìng-tshat
- Phofsit Daibuun: keangzhad
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰat̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng-chhat
- Tâi-lô: kíng-tshat
- Phofsit Daibuun: kefngzhad
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gêng6 cag4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĕng tshak
- Sinological IPA (key): /keŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰak̚²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: giang2 caat2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiɐŋ³³ t͡sʰat̚³³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jin3 ca6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁴¹ t͡sʰa̠²⁴/
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: jin3 ca2*
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁴² t͡sʰa̠¹³⁻³³/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: jin3 ca6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin³³ t͡sʰä²²/
- (Changsha)
Noun
警察
- (uncountable) police; police force
- 警察暴力 ― jǐngchá bàolì ― police brutality
- (countable) police officer (Classifier: 名; 位)
- 便衣警察 ― biànyī jǐngchá ― plainclothes police officer
Usage notes
- Whilst 警察 usually refers to the police and police officers outside mainland China, the equivalent institution in mainland China is officially known as 公安 (gōng'ān), literally, "public security".
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Zhuang: gingjcaz
Verb
警察
- (literary) to be vigilant; to be alert; to watch out
- (literary) to examine oneself critically; to examine one's thoughts and conduct
- (literary) to supervise; to monitor
Synonyms
- (to supervise):
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 警 | 察 |
| けい Grade: 6 |
さつ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
- police
- 警察に逮捕される。
- Keisatsu ni taiho sareru.
- Arrested by the police.
- 警察に逮捕される。
- Short for 警察署 (keisatsusho, “police station”).
Derived terms
- 警察官 (keisatsukan, “police officer”)
- 警察学校 (keisatsu gakkō)
- 警察犬 (keisatsuken)
- 警察国家 (keisatsu kokka)
- 警察署 (keisatsusho, “police station”)
- 警察庁 (keisatsuchō, “National Police Agency”)
- 警察手帳 (keisatsu techō)
- 衛生警察 (eisei keisatsu)
- 関税警察 (kanzei keisatsu)
- 行政警察 (gyōsei keisatsu)
- 軍事警察 (gunji keisatsu)
- 刑事警察 (keiji keisatsu)
- 警備警察 (keibi keisatsu)
- 公安警察 (kōan keisatsu)
- 交通警察 (kōtsū keisatsu)
- 国際警察 (kokusai keisatsu)
- 司法警察 (shihō keisatsu)
- 森林警察 (shinrin keisatsu)
- 水上警察 (suijō keisatsu)
- 政治警察 (seiji keisatsu)
- 鉄道警察 (tetsudō keisatsu)
- 秘密警察 (himitsu keisatsu)
- 保安警察 (hoan keisatsu)
Descendants
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 警 | 察 |
Noun
警察 • (gyeongchal) (hangeul 경찰)
Okinawan
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 警 | 察 |
| きー Grade: 6 |
さち Grade: 4 |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 警 | 察 |
| ちー Grade: 6 |
さち Grade: 4 |
Etymology
First used around the beginning of the Meiji period,[1] borrowed from Japanese 警察 (keisatsu).
Pronunciation
Noun
警察 or 警察 (kīsachi or chīsachi)
References
- ^ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)
Further reading
- “きーさち・ちーさち【警察】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
- “キーサチ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
- “チーサチ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).(permanent dead link)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 警 | 察 |
Noun
警察
- chữ Hán form of cảnh sát (“(Overseas Vietnamese or chiefly law) the police”).