谷

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

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Radical 150 谷

谷 (Kangxi radical 150, 谷+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 金人口 (COR), four-corner 8060₈, composition ⿳八人口)

1. Kangxi radical #150, ⾕.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/谷
• 俗, 𠗖, 唂, 﨏, 峪, 𢂲, 𢓾, 𪫹, 浴, 𤞞, 䧍, 逧, 𣃺, 㭲, 焀, 𤥫, 𥙿, 𦛱, 𭻗, 䀰, 硲, 𥪉, 裕, 綌(绤), 䎥, 𮎐, 𧋉, 𧣳, 䛦, 䞱, 𨁖, 輍, 鋊, 𮓧, 𩣥, 𬴒, 𩷝, 𪁴, 𪑌
• 𭃣, 卻, 郤, 𢼽, 欲, 㞃, 𤭏, 𣍂, 𬢗, 𨿜, 鵒(鹆), 𭆮, 𣴲, 𪚡, 容, 𭖦, 𫈅, 𫨊, 𪊿, 䘱

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1189, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36182
• Dae Jaweon: page 1652, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3902, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8C37

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 谷
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) — valley (口) in between two mountains.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river; gorge”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs), Tibetan ཀླུང (klung) and Tibetan ལུང་པ (lung pa).

Pronunciation

Definitions

谷

1. valley; gorge; ravine

   • 孔明棄車步行。忽到一山，望見一谷，形如長蛇，皆危峭石壁，並無樹木。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     孔明弃车步行。忽到一山，望见一谷，形如长蛇，皆危峭石壁，并无树木。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE

     Kǒng Míng qì chē bùxíng. Hū dào yī shān, wàngjiàn yī gǔ, xíng rú cháng shé, jiē wēiqiào shíbì, bìng wú shùmù.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. river or stream between two mountains; (in general) stream or river

   • 夫山居而谷汲者，膢臘而相遺以水。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫山居而谷汲者，𦝼腊而相遗以水。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE

     Fū shān jū ér gǔ jí zhě, lóulà ér xiàng wèi yǐ shuǐ.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. (figurative) difficult position; predicament

   進退維谷／进退维谷  ―  jìntuìwéigǔ  ―  to be caught between a rock and a hard place

4. a surname

   谷愛凌／谷爱凌  ―  Gǔ Àilíng  ―  Eileen Gu

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

谷 (Cantonese)

1. to pressure
2. to hasten; to boost
3. to cause to swell by pressuring
4. to hold back or conceal negative emotions or feelings

Derived terms

Etymology 3

From English group. Doublet of group.

Pronunciation

Definitions

谷

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, social media, Internet slang) group (Classifier: 個／个 c)

Synonyms

• 群組／群组 (qúnzǔ)

Compounds

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

谷

1. Only used in 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún, “Tuyuhun: name of an ancient nomadic people in northwestern China”) and 谷渾／谷浑 (Yùhún, “surname”).

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Definitions

谷

1. Only used in 谷蠡王 (lùlíwáng) and 谷蠡 (lùlí, “title for Xiongnu officials”).

Etymology 6

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. valley
2. lowland, plain

Readings

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC kuwk, “valley, gorge”):

• Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
• Kun: たに (tani, 谷, Jōyō); きわまる (kiwamaru, 谷まる)^{←きはまる (kifamaru, 谷まる, historical)}; や (ya, 谷); やつ (yatsu, 谷)
• Nanori: ひろ (hiro)

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC yowk), as in 吐谷渾 (Toyokukon, “Tuyuhun”):

• Go-on: よく (yoku)
• Kan-on: よく (yoku)

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC luwk), as in 谷蠡 (Rokuri):

• Go-on: ろく (roku)
• Kan-on: ろく (roku)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

谷

Wikipedia ^ja

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

谷 (曖昧さ回避)

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Valley

Wikipedia

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tani. Possibly cognate with Goguryeo *旦 (*tan, “valley”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) たに​ (Odaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

谷(たに) • (tani) 

1. a valley (elongated depression between hills or mountains)
2. a trough (low portion of a wave cycle)
3. an intersection of two receding roof slopes

Derived terms

Proper noun

谷(たに) • (Tani) 

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Noun

谷(やつ) • (yatsu) 

1. a low-lying wetland
2. a valley

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Possibly a shift from yatsu above.

Noun

谷(や) • (ya) 

1. a valley

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Variant shift from yatsu above.

Noun

谷(やち) • (yachi) 

1. (regional) Same as やつ (yatsu) above

Etymology 5

Another variant shift from yatsu above.

Noun

谷(やと) • (yato) 

1. Same as やつ (yatsu) above

Etymology 6

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

谷(さこ) • (sako) 

1. (regional, especially Kansai) a small valley

References

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC kuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 곡 (kwok) (Yale: kwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

谷

Wikisource

谷 (eumhun 골 곡 (gol gok))

1. Hanja form^? of 곡 (“valley”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC yowk). Recorded as Middle Korean 욕〮 (yók) (Yale: yok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

谷 (eumhun 나라 이름 욕 (nara ireum yok))

1. (historical) Hanja form^? of 욕 (“Only used in 토욕혼 (吐谷渾, toyokhon, “Tuyuhun: name of an ancient nomadic people in northwestern China”)”).

Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC luwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 록〮 (Yale: lwok) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Hanja

谷 (eumhun 벼슬 이름 록 (byeoseul ireum rok), South Korea 벼슬 이름 녹 (byeoseul ireum nok))

1. (historical) Hanja form^? of 록/녹 (“Only used in 녹려 (谷蠡, nongnyeo, title for Xiongnu officials)”).

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

谷: Hán Nôm readings: cốc, góc, hốc, dục, thung, lủng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.