豆蔻
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Chinese
| bean; sacrificial vessel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (豆蔻/荳蔻) | 豆/荳 | 蔻 | |
| simp. (豆蔻) | 豆 | 蔻 | |
| alternative forms | 豆寇 | ||
Etymology
Perhaps a variant of Tang-dynasty 多骨 (MC ta kwot), referring to cardamom imported from the Kakkola (伽古羅) country on the western coast of the Malaya Peninsula, which the Chinese from the eighth century thought produced both the nutmegs and the round cardamom (Amomum compactum), the latter possibly imported from Java (Donkin, 2003).
Compare Sanskrit तक्कोल (takkola, “a kind of perfume”), कक्कोल (kakkola, “a kind of plant; a perfume”), Pali takkola, Arabic قاقُلَّة (qāqulla, “cardamom”), Tibetan ཀ་ཀོ་ལ (ka ko la, “cardamom”), Javanese kapulaga.
Li Shizhen interprets this word as a compound of 豆 (“bean(-like)”) + 蔻 (“many; profusion”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ ㄎㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dòukòu
- Wade–Giles: tou4-kʻou4
- Yale: dòu-kòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dowkow
- Palladius: доукоу (doukou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /toʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: dau6 kau3
- Yale: dauh kau
- Cantonese Pinyin: dau6 kau3
- Guangdong Romanization: deo6 keo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɐu̯²² kʰɐu̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu-khò͘ / tō͘-khò͘
- Tâi-lô: tāu-khòo / tōo-khòo
- Phofsit Daibuun: dauxqox, doxqox
- IPA (Xiamen): /tau²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/, /tɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tau⁴¹⁻²² kʰɔ⁴¹/, /tɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰɔ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tau²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/, /tɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /tau³³⁻¹¹ kʰɔ¹¹/, /tɔ³³⁻¹¹ kʰɔ¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tau³³⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/, /tɔ³³⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Middle Chinese: duwH xuwH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*doːs qʰoːs/
Noun
豆蔻
- cardamom, especially the round cardamom (Amomum compactum)
- Alternative name for 肉豆蔻 (ròudòukòu, “nutmeg”).
- (figurative) girl's teenage years (especially 13–14 years of age); maidenhood; budding beauty
Synonyms
- (cardamom): 小豆蔻 (xiǎodòukòu)