負う

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
負
お
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "負う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		負う おう
Imperative (命令形) 負え おえ
Key constructions
Passive 負われる おわれる
Causative 負わせる おわせる
Potential 負える おえる
Volitional 負おう おお​ー
Negative 負わない おわない
Negative perfective 負わなかった おわな​かった
Formal 負います おいま​す
Perfective 負った おった
Conjunctive 負って おって
Hypothetical conditional 負えば おえ​ば

Verb

負(お)う • (ou) ←おふ (ofu)?transitive godan (stem 負(お)い (oi), past 負(お)った (otta))

  1. to bear, to carry on one's back
  2. to assume or take a responsibility
    • 1917, 豊島与志雄, 田原氏の犯罪:
      然(しか)し君(きみ)も主任店員(しゅにんてんいん)として一半(いっぱん)の責(せき)は負(お)わなければならない。
      Shikashi kimi mo shunin ten'in toshite ippan no seki wa owanakereba naranai.
      Still, you must accept part of the responsibility as the managing shop assistant.
  3. to be in a debt of gratitude
  4. to suffer an injury
    • 1924, 岡本綺堂, 青蛙堂鬼談:
      妹(いもうと)は全身(ぜんしん)に大火傷(おおやけど)を負(お)って虫(むし)の息(いき)であった。
      Imōto wa zenshin ni ōyakedo o otte mushi no iki de atta.
      My younger sister was at death's door after suffering terrible burns on her entire body.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "負う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 負わ おわ owa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 負い おい oi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 負う おう ou
Rentaikei ("attributive") 負う おう ou
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 負え おえ oe
Meireikei ("imperative") 負え おえ oe
Key constructions
Passive 負われる おわれる owareru
Causative 負わせる
負わす 		おわせる
おわす 		owaseru
owasu
Potential 負える おえる oeru
Volitional 負おう おおう oō
Negative 負わない おわない owanai
Negative continuative 負わず おわず owazu
Formal 負います おいます oimasu
Perfective 負った おった otta
Conjunctive 負って おって otte
Hypothetical conditional 負えば おえば oeba
Classical conjugation of "負ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 負は おは ofa
Continuative (連用形) 負ひ おひ ofi
Terminal (終止形) 負ふ おふ ofu
Attributive (連体形) 負ふ おふ ofu
Realis (已然形) 負へ おへ ofe
Imperative (命令形) 負へ おへ ofe
Key constructions
Negative 負はず おはず ofazu
Contrasting conjunction 負へど おへど ofedo
Causal conjunction 負へば おへば ofeba
Conditional conjunction 負はば おはば ofaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 負ひき おひき ofiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 負ひけり おひけり ofikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 負ひつ おひつ ofitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 負ひぬ おひぬ ofinu
Perfect-continuative tense 負へり
負ひたり		 おへり
おひたり		 oferi
ofitari
Volitional 負はむ おはむ ofamu

Idioms

See also

References

  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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