赤い

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
あか
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Etymology

From the 連体形 (rentaikei, attributive form) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 赤し (akashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out. Cognate with 明るい (akarui, bright).

Medial voiceless plosives, like /-k-/, underwent voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/. As this intervocalic sound-change did not occur before /-a/(Hamano, 2000),[1] Middle Japanese /akaki/ became /akai/ 赤い.

⟨akaki1 → */akakʲi/ → */akaɡʲi/ → */akaɣi/ → */akaji/ → */akai/.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「赤い
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 赤く かく
Terminal (終止形) 赤い かい

Attributive (連体形) 赤い かい
Key constructions
Informal negative 赤くない かくな
Informal past 赤かった かった
Informal negative past 赤くなかった かくなかった
Formal 赤いです いです
Conjunctive 赤くて くて
Conditional 赤ければ ければ

Adjective

(あか) (akai-i (adverbial (あか) (akaku))

  1. red (color)

Inflection

References

  1. ^ Hamano, S. Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9: 207. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295
  2. 2.0 2.1 あか・い 【赤】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  4. ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN

Further reading