踏み固める

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
踏 固
ふ
Grade: S 		かた
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Etymology

Compound of 踏み (fumi, “stepping (on)”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 踏む fumu “to step (on)”) +‎ 固める (katameru, “to make hard, to harden”).

Pronunciation

Verb

踏(ふ)み固(かた)める • (fumikatameru) ichidan (stem 踏(ふ)み固(かた)め (fumikatame), past 踏(ふ)み固(かた)めた (fumikatameta))

  1. To stamp (flat/hard), to tread.
    踏(ふ)み固(かた)められてできた道(まち)
    fumikatamerarete dekita machi
    A beaten (trodden) path
    踏(ふ)み固(かた)められた雪(ゆき)
    fumikatamerareta yuki
    Snow trodden hard / Packed snow

Conjugation

Conjugation of "踏み固める" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 踏み固め ふみかため fumikatame
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 踏み固め ふみかため fumikatame
Shūshikei ("terminal") 踏み固める ふみかためる fumikatameru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 踏み固める ふみかためる fumikatameru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 踏み固めれ ふみかためれ fumikatamere
Meireikei ("imperative") 踏み固めよ¹
踏み固めろ² 		ふみかためよ¹
ふみかためろ² 		fumikatameyo¹
fumikatamero²
Key constructions
Passive 踏み固められる ふみかためられる fumikatamerareru
Causative 踏み固めさせる
踏み固めさす 		ふみかためさせる
ふみかためさす 		fumikatamesaseru
fumikatamesasu
Potential 踏み固められる
踏み固めれる³ 		ふみかためられる
ふみかためれる³ 		fumikatamerareru
fumikatamereru³
Volitional 踏み固めよう ふみかためよう fumikatameyō
Negative 踏み固めない
踏み固めぬ
踏み固めん 		ふみかためない
ふみかためぬ
ふみかためん 		fumikatamenai
fumikatamenu
fumikatamen
Negative continuative 踏み固めず ふみかためず fumikatamezu
Formal 踏み固めます ふみかためます fumikatamemasu
Perfective 踏み固めた ふみかためた fumikatameta
Conjunctive 踏み固めて ふみかためて fumikatamete
Hypothetical conditional 踏み固めれば ふみかためれば fumikatamereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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