辛

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

See images of
Radical 160 辛

辛 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿十 (YTJ), four-corner 0040₁, composition ⿱立十 or ⿱亠𢆉)

1. Kangxi radical #160, ⾟.

Derived terms

• Appendix:Chinese radical/辛
• 𠉄, 㖕, 垶, 㛙, 㢹, 𢓫, 𭝅, 𭡄, 㳯, 𬯁, 梓, 𤈼, 𤙡, 𬍧, 𦛛, 𥏔, 𪿢, 𥞽, 𮇞, 𦀓, 𦐹, 𫋁, 觪, 䛨, 𨁅, 𨌍, 𬪬, 鋅(锌), 𤨘, 𮧝, 𮨬, 騂(骍), 𥋑, 𩷔, 𫓅
• 𧗶, 乵, 㲔, 𣐽, 㖖, 𧱏, 厗, 宰, 屖, 峷, 莘, 𣇛, 𤽮, 𥭴, 㾕, 𨴲, 𭍤
• 嶭, 薛, 巕, 㸉

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1250, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38630
• Dae Jaweon: page 1729, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4036, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8F9B

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 辛
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) of a tool—chisel, awl, spike—used to mark slaves and criminals. It is related to 䇂.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sin (“liver; heart; bile; bitter”); compare Tibetan མཆིན (mchin, “liver”), Burmese သည်း (sany:, “liver”), Tangut 𗮰 (*sji², “liver”) (Gong, 2002; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Pronunciation

Definitions

辛

1. spicy; hot; pungent

   辛辣  ―  xīnlà  ―  spicy

2. hard; laborious; toilsome

   辛苦  ―  xīnkǔ  ―  laborious

3. sorrowful; miserable; hard

   辛酸  ―  xīnsuān  ―  bitter

4. a surname

   辛棄疾／辛弃疾  ―  Xīn Qìjí  ―  Xin Qiji (Chinese poet during the Southern Song dynasty)

Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

Smith (2011) proposes that the name for the heavenly stem is based on the Boötes constellation, which resembles an awl; it may be related to Etymology 1 with the “sharp” semantics connecting the two.

Pronunciation

Definitions

辛

1. eighth of the ten heavenly stems
2. (in a list) eighth; number 8; VIII
3. (organic chemistry) octa-

Coordinate terms

• (Chinese heavenly stems) 天干 (tiāngān); 甲 (jiǎ), 乙 (yǐ), 丙 (bǐng), 丁, 戊 (wù), 己 (jǐ), 庚 (gēng), 辛 (xīn), 壬 (rén), 癸 (guǐ) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese heavenly stems)}

Compounds

Descendants

Others:

• → Zhuang: sin

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English symplectic.

Pronunciation

Definitions

辛

1. (mathematics, attributive) symplectic

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

辛

1. Used in transcription.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. spicy, hot, acrid
2. bitter, painful, difficult

Readings

• Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
• Kun: からい (karai, 辛い, Jōyō); つらい (tsurai, 辛い); かのと (kanoto, 辛)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

辛

Wikipedia ^ja

From Middle Chinese 辛 (sin).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) し​ん (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

• Homophones: 心, 臣, 参, 芯, 信, 神, 真, 紳, 軫, 寝, 新, 箴, 震, 親, 讖

Proper noun

辛(しん) • (Shin) 

1. the eighth of the ten heavenly stems

   Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)

   Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Etymology 2

金 (Ka, “Metal”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かの​と (Nakadaka – )
• (Tokyo) かのと (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Proper noun

辛(かのと) • (Kanoto) 

1. the eighth of the ten heavenly stems

   Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)

   Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Korean

Hanja

辛 (eumhun 매울 신 (mae'ul sin))

1. bitter
2. toilsome, laborious
3. 8th heavenly stem

Vietnamese

Han character

辛: Hán Nôm readings: tân, tăn, tơn

1. chữ Hán form of Tân (“eighth of the ten heavenly stems”).

   Hypernyms: 天干, 十干

   Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds