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近 . In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
近 , but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
近 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
近 you have here. The definition of the word
近 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
近 , as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
Han character
近 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵 +4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹一中 (YHML ), four-corner 32302 , composition ⿺辶 斤 )
Derived characters
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 1254 , character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38752
Dae Jaweon: page 1736, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3819, character 12
Unihan data for U+8FD1
Chinese
Glyph origin
Old Chinese
蘄
*ɡɯ, *kɯl, *ɡɯn
祈
*ɡɯl
頎
*ɡɯl
旂
*ɡɯl
圻
*ɡɯl, *ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn
蚚
*ɡɯl, *ɡɯːls
岓
*ɡɯl
玂
*ɡɯl
沂
*ŋɡɯl
掀
*qʰan
釿
*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋkɯn
齗
*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯn
听
*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯnʔ
垽
*ŋrɯns, *qɯns
斤
*kɯn, *kɯns
菦
*kɯnʔ
靳
*kɯns
劤
*kɯns
勁
*kɯns, *keŋs
赾
*kʰɯnʔ
芹
*ɡɯn
近
*ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns
斦
*ŋɡɯn
欣
*qʰɯn
忻
*qʰɯn
昕
*qʰɯn
訢
*qʰɯn
炘
*qʰɯn, *qʰɯns
邤
*qʰɯn
庍
*qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs
焮
*qʰɯns
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声 , OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns ) : semantic 辶 ( “ walk ” ) + phonetic 斤 ( OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.
Etymology
Karlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns ) to 幾 (OC *kɯl , “imminent”).
近 (OC *ɡɯns , “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive /causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ , “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007 ).
Compare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ , whence Vietnamese gần ( “ near ” ) .
Pronunciation
Mandarin
(Standard )
(Pinyin ) : jìn (jin4 )
(Zhuyin ) : ㄐㄧㄣˋ
(Chengdu , Sichuanese Pinyin ) : jin4
(Dungan , Cyrillic and Wiktionary ) : җин (žin, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou –Hong Kong , Jyutping ) : kan5 , gan6
(Taishan , Wiktionary ) : kin1 , gin5
Gan (Wiktionary ) : qin5
Hakka
(Sixian , PFS ) : khiun / khiûn
(Meixian , Guangdong ) : kiun4 / kiun1
Jin (Wiktionary ) : jing3
Northern Min (KCR ) : gṳ̄ing
Eastern Min (BUC ) : gê̤ṳng
Southern Min
(Hokkien , POJ ) : kūn / kǔn / kīn / kǐrn
(Teochew , Peng'im ) : geng6 / gêng6 / ging6
Wu (Wugniu )
Xiang (Changsha , Wiktionary ) : jin5 / jin4
Note :
kan5 - vernacular;
gan6 - literary.
Note :
kin1 - vernacular;
gin5 - literary.
Note :
Sixian:
khiun - literary;
khiûn - vernacular.
Meixian:
kiun4 - literary;
kiun1 - vernacular.
Jin
Northern Min
Eastern Min
Southern Min
(Hokkien : Xiamen , Taipei , Lukang , Kinmen , Magong , Hsinchu , Singapore )
(Hokkien : Quanzhou , Jinjiang , Lukang )
(Hokkien : Zhangzhou , Kaohsiung , Tainan , Yilan , Taichung , Penang )
(Hokkien : Sanxia )
(Teochew )
Peng'im : geng6 / gêng6 / ging6
Pe̍h-ōe-jī -like : kṳ̆ng / kĕng / kĭng
Sinological IPA (key ) : /kɯŋ³⁵/, /keŋ³⁵/, /kiŋ³⁵/
Note :
geng6 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
gêng6 - Jieyang;
ging6 - Chaoyang.
Note :
jin5 - vernacular;
jin4 - literary.
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
近
近
Reading #
1/2
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
jìn
jìn
Middle Chinese
‹ gjɨnX ›
‹ gjɨnH ›
Old Chinese
/*N-kərʔ/
/*s-N-kərʔ-s/
English
near
be near to (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
近
近
Reading #
1/2
2/2
No.
6659
6660
Phonetic component
斤
斤
Rime group
文
文
Rime subdivision
1
1
Corresponding MC rime
近
近
Old Chinese
/*ɡɯnʔ/
/*ɡɯns/
Definitions
近
( of distances ) near ; close
住 越 近 越 容易 遲到 。 [MSC , trad. ] 住 越 近 越 容易 迟到 。 [MSC , simp. ] Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào. Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.
我 屋企 好 近 學校 。 [Cantonese , trad. ] 我 屋企 好 近 学校 。 [Cantonese , simp. ] ngo5 uk1 kei2 hou2 kan5 hok6 haau6 . My home is close to my school.
( of time ) near ; close
現在 離 春節 越 來 越 近 了 。 [MSC , trad. ] 现在 离 春节 越 来 越 近 了 。 [MSC , simp. ] Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le. We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.
近 呢 幾 年 都 冇乜 新 歌 好聽 。 [Cantonese , trad. ] 近 呢 几 年 都 冇乜 新 歌 好听 。 [Cantonese , simp. ] gan6 nei1 gei2 nin4 dou1 mou5 mat1 san1 go1 hou2 teng1 . There have been few good new songs in the past few years.
intimate ; close ( on affectionate terms )
別 跟 他 走 得 太 近 。 [MSC , trad. ] 别 跟 他 走 得 太 近 。 [MSC , simp. ] Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn . Don't be too close with him.
to approach ; to be close to
近 千 人 ― jìn qiān rén ― nearly one thousand people
年 近 四十 ― nián jìn sìshí ― approaching forty
easy to understand
淺近 / 浅近 ― qiǎnjìn ― easy to understand
( Wenzhounese ) to make a profit ; to earn
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
近 (“near; close”)
同衾 ( tóngqīn ) ( literary, figuratively ) 周密 ( zhōumì ) ( literary, of dealings ) 密切 ( mìqiè ) 接近 ( jiējìn ) 火熱 / 火热 ( huǒrè ) 熱和 / 热和 ( rèhuo ) ( colloquial ) 熱火 / 热火 ( rèhuǒ ) ( colloquial ) 知心 ( zhīxīn ) 緊密 / 紧密 ( jǐnmì ) 親切 / 亲切 ( qīnqiè ) 親善 / 亲善 ( qīnshàn ) ( of relations between countries ) 親密 / 亲密 ( qīnmì ) 親熱 / 亲热 ( qīnrè ) 親近 / 亲近 ( qīnjìn ) 貼己 / 贴己 ( tiējǐ ) 貼身 / 贴身 ( tiēshēn ) 近乎 ( jìnhu ) ( colloquial ) 過心 / 过心 ( guòxīn ) ( regional ) 體己 / 体己
Compounds
Further reading
Japanese
Shinjitai
近
Kyūjitai
近󠄁 近 +󠄁
? (Adobe-Japan1 )
近󠄃 近 +󠄃
? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.
Kanji
近
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji )
near, close
Readings
Proper noun
近( こん ) • (Kon )
a surname
References
^ “近 ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia ) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会 , 2015–2024
Korean
Hanja
近 (eumhun 가까울 근 ( gakkaul geun ) )
Hanja form? of 근 ( “ near ; close ” ) .
Vietnamese
Han character
近 : Hán Nôm readings: cận , cặn , gàn , gần
chữ Hán form of cận ( “ close ; nearby ” ) .