迫る

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
迫
せま
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
逼る

From Old Japanese. Cognate with 攻(せ)める (semeru), 責(せ)める (semeru), 狭(せば)める (sebameru), 狭(せば)まる (sebamaru), and 狭(せま)い (semai).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「迫る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		迫る せまる
Imperative (命令形) 迫れ せまれ
Key constructions
Passive 迫られる せまられる
Causative 迫らせる せまらせる
Potential 迫れる せまれる
Volitional 迫ろう せまろー
Negative 迫らない せまらない
Negative perfective 迫らなかった せまらなかった
Formal 迫ります せまります
Perfective 迫った せまった
Conjunctive 迫って せまって
Hypothetical conditional 迫れば せまれば

Verb

迫(せま)る • (semaru) intransitive godan (stem 迫(せま)り (semari), past 迫(せま)った (sematta))

  1. to approach, reduce spatial or temporal distance
    迫(せま)る締切(しめきり)
    semaru shimekiri
    impending deadline
  2. to press, compel, urge
Conjugation
Conjugation of "迫る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 迫ら せまら semara
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 迫り せまり semari
Shūshikei ("terminal") 迫る せまる semaru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 迫る せまる semaru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 迫れ せまれ semare
Meireikei ("imperative") 迫れ せまれ semare
Key constructions
Passive 迫られる せまられる semarareru
Causative 迫らせる
迫らす 		せまらせる
せまらす 		semaraseru
semarasu
Potential 迫れる せまれる semareru
Volitional 迫ろう せまろう semarō
Negative 迫らない せまらない semaranai
Negative continuative 迫らず せまらず semarazu
Formal 迫ります せまります semarimasu
Perfective 迫った せまった sematta
Conjunctive 迫って せまって sematte
Hypothetical conditional 迫れば せまれば semareba

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
迫
せ
Grade: S

Extended from the “approach” sense of 迫(せま)る (semaru).[3]

Pronunciation

Verb

迫(せ)る • (seru) transitive godan (stem 迫(せ)り (seri), past 迫(せ)った (setta))

  1. to urge, compel; to hurry (someone) along
Conjugation
Conjugation of "迫る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 迫ら せら sera
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 迫り せり seri
Shūshikei ("terminal") 迫る せる seru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 迫る せる seru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 迫れ せれ sere
Meireikei ("imperative") 迫れ せれ sere
Key constructions
Passive 迫られる せられる serareru
Causative 迫らせる
迫らす 		せらせる
せらす 		seraseru
serasu
Potential 迫れる せれる sereru
Volitional 迫ろう せろう serō
Negative 迫らない せらない seranai
Negative continuative 迫らず せらず serazu
Formal 迫ります せります serimasu
Perfective 迫った せった setta
Conjunctive 迫って せって sette
Hypothetical conditional 迫れば せれば sereba

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ “迫る”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
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