Kanji in this term | |
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進 | 歩 |
しん Grade: 3 |
ほ > ぽ Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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進步 (kyūjitai) |
進歩する • (shinpo suru) suru (stem 進歩し (shinpo shi), past 進歩した (shinpo shita))
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 進歩し | しんぽし | shinpo shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 進歩し | しんぽし | shinpo shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 進歩する | しんぽする | shinpo suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 進歩する | しんぽする | shinpo suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 進歩すれ | しんぽすれ | shinpo sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 進歩せよ¹ 進歩しろ² |
しんぽせよ¹ しんぽしろ² |
shinpo seyo¹ shinpo shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 進歩される | しんぽされる | shinpo sareru | |
Causative | 進歩させる 進歩さす |
しんぽさせる しんぽさす |
shinpo saseru shinpo sasu | |
Potential | 進歩できる | しんぽできる | shinpo dekiru | |
Volitional | 進歩しよう | しんぽしよう | shinpo shiyō | |
Negative | 進歩しない | しんぽしない | shinpo shinai | |
Negative continuative | 進歩せず | しんぽせず | shinpo sezu | |
Formal | 進歩します | しんぽします | shinpo shimasu | |
Perfective | 進歩した | しんぽした | shinpo shita | |
Conjunctive | 進歩して | しんぽして | shinpo shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 進歩すれば | しんぽすれば | shinpo sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
進歩 (shinpo) is quite common as a verb (進歩する (shinpo suru)), and it is most easily understood in relation to the English word progress. It is frequently used in reference to social progress, particularly of a technological nature, and to personal progress in a skill. It is not generally used to refer to progress in other sorts of endeavors, such as a trip up a mountain (e.g., "Due to the blizzard, their progress was slow."), or of time in general (e.g., "As the evening progressed, the party became more chaotic.").