遡る

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
遡
さかのぼ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
溯る
泝る
逆上る

Etymology

Likely from Old Japanese, compound of 逆(さか) (saka, “reverse”) + 上(のぼ)る (noboru, “ascend, go up”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「遡る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		遡る さかのぼる
Imperative (命令形) 遡れ さかのぼれ
Key constructions
Passive 遡られる さかのぼられる
Causative 遡らせる さかのぼらせる
Potential 遡れる さかのぼれる
Volitional 遡ろう さかのぼろー
Negative 遡らない さかのぼらない
Negative perfective 遡らなかった さかのぼらなかった
Formal 遡ります さかのぼります
Perfective 遡った さかのぼった
Conjunctive 遡って さかのぼって
Hypothetical conditional 遡れば さかのぼれば

Verb

遡(さかのぼ)る • (sakanoboru) intransitive godan (stem 遡(さかのぼ)り (sakanobori), past 遡(さかのぼ)った (sakanobotta))

  1. go back, extend back (in time), stretch back
    根源(こんげん)に遡(さかのぼ)って考(かんが)える
    kongen ni sakanobotte kangaeru
    (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. advance against the flow of water; go upstream (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4461:
      , text here
      保里江欲利(ほりえより)美乎(みを)左香能保流(さかのぼる)梶(かぢの)音(おと)乃(の)麻奈久曽奈良波(まなくぞならは)古非之可利家留(こひしかりける) [Man'yōgana]
      堀(ほり)江(え)より水脈(みを)さかのぼる楫(かぢ)の音(おと)の間(ま)なくぞ奈良(なら)は恋(こひ)しかりける [Modern spelling]
      horie yori mio sakanoboru kaji no oto no manaku zo Nara wa koishikarikeru
      Like the oars' noise going up the current from the channel, so without interval I have come to long for the capital of Nara![2]

Conjugation

Conjugation of "遡る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 遡ら さかのぼら sakanobora
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 遡り さかのぼり sakanobori
Shūshikei ("terminal") 遡る さかのぼる sakanoboru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 遡る さかのぼる sakanoboru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 遡れ さかのぼれ sakanobore
Meireikei ("imperative") 遡れ さかのぼれ sakanobore
Key constructions
Passive 遡られる さかのぼられる sakanoborareru
Causative 遡らせる
遡らす 		さかのぼらせる
さかのぼらす 		sakanoboraseru
sakanoborasu
Potential 遡れる さかのぼれる sakanoboreru
Volitional 遡ろう さかのぼろう sakanoborō
Negative 遡らない さかのぼらない sakanoboranai
Negative continuative 遡らず さかのぼらず sakanoborazu
Formal 遡ります さかのぼります sakanoborimasu
Perfective 遡った さかのぼった sakanobotta
Conjunctive 遡って さかのぼって sakanobotte
Hypothetical conditional 遡れば さかのぼれば sakanoboreba

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Jan Lodewijk Pierson, Jr. (1963) The Manyôśû Translated and Annotated, Book XX, Brill Archive, page 166
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