適者生存
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See also: 适者生存
Chinese
| to fit; to suit | ‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does something) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (適者生存) | 適 | 者 | 生存 | |
| simp. (适者生存) | 适 | 者 | 生存 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄓㄜˇ ㄕㄥ ㄘㄨㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shìhjhě shengcún
- Wade–Giles: shih4-chê3 shêng1-tsʻun2
- Yale: shr̀-jě shēng-tswún
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhjee shengtswen
- Palladius: шичжэ шэнцунь (šičžɛ šɛncunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sik1 ze2 sang1 cyun4
- Yale: sīk jé sāng chyùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: sik7 dze2 sang1 tsyn4
- Guangdong Romanization: xig1 zé2 seng1 qun4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɪk̚⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Phrase
適者生存
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 適 | 者 | 生 | 存 |
| てき Grade: 5 |
しゃ Grade: 3 |
せい Grade: 1 |
ぞん Grade: 6 |
| kan'yōon | on'yomi | kan'on | goon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 適者生存 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
Compound of 適者 (tekisha, “adapted one”) + 生存 (seizon, “survives”).
Coined by Japanese biologist and zoologist Ishikawa Chiyomatsu in 1883 in his work 動物進化論 (Dōbutsu Shinkaron) as a translation of English survival of the fittest.[1][2]
In addition, it was translated as 適種生存 (tekishu seizon) in the 1881 work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Philosophy Dictionary”) compiled by Inoue Tetsujirō.[1][3]
Pronunciation
Noun
適者生存 • (tekisha seizon)
Related terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “適者生存”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy], University of Tokyo, page 88
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 適 | 者 | 生 | 存 |