酒

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word 酒. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word 酒, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say 酒 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word 酒 you have here. The definition of the word 酒 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of酒, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
See also: 洒
酒 U+9152, 酒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9152
← 酑
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 酓 →

Translingual

Stroke order
10 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

酒 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水一金田 (EMCW), four-corner 31160, composition ⿰氵酉)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1281, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39776
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1779, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3574, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9152

Chinese

trad. 酒
simp. # 酒
2nd round simp. 氿
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 酒
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (酉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
楢 *kʰjuʔ, *lu
逎 *ʔslu
遒 *sklu, *sɡlu
蝤 *sklu, *sɡlu
揂 *sklu
酒 *ʔsluʔ
媨 *sklus
鞧 *skʰlu
緧 *skʰlu
趥 *skʰlu, *skʰluŋs
酋 *sɡlu
崷 *sɡlu
鰌 *sɡlu
煪 *sɡlu
醜 *l̥ʰjuʔ
猶 *klus, *lu, *lus
猷 *lu
輶 *lu, *luʔ, *lus
偤 *lu
莤 *lu, *sruɡ
蕕 *lu
庮 *lu, *luʔ
槱 *luʔ, *lus
梄 *luʔ
丣 *luʔ
酉 *luʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 水 (“water”) + 酉 (“an alcoholic drink vessel”) - the liquid associated with an alcoholic drink vessel, hence wine and alcohol. See also 酋.

Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsluʔ) : semantic 水 (“water, liquid”) + phonetic 酉 (OC *luʔ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *jəw (“liquor”) (STEDT). Cognate with 酉 (OC *luʔ, “wine; wine vessel”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 酒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子酉切
Baxter tsjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡suwX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siuX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 酒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tsuʔ/
English wine

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 酒
Reading # 1/1
No. 15554
Phonetic
component 		酉
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		酒
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsluʔ/

Definitions

酒

  1. alcoholic beverages in general; alcoholic drink
    你幹嗎不喝點酒？ [MSC, trad.]
    你干吗不喝点酒？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ gànmá bù hē diǎn jiǔ?
    How come you don't wanna have a sip of alcohol?
  2. (Cantonese) banquet (Classifier: 圍／围 c)
  3. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 酒 (“alcoholic beverage; liquor”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 酒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 酒
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 酒, 貓兒膩, 貓兒尿
Taiwan 酒
Chifeng 酒
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 酒
Harbin 酒
Shenyang 酒
Malaysia 酒
Singapore 酒
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 酒
Tangshan 酒
Cangzhou 酒
Baoding 酒
Shijiazhuang 酒
Jinan 酒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 酒
Qingdao 酒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 酒
Wanrong 酒
Zhengzhou 酒
Xi'an 酒
Xining 酒
Xuzhou 酒
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 酒
Lanzhou 酒
Ürümqi 酒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 酒, 尼姑尿 derogatory
Chongqing 酒
Wuhan 酒
Guiyang 酒
Kunming 酒
Guilin 酒
Liuzhou 酒
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 酒, 老酒
Yangzhou 酒, 三六子
Nantong 酒
Hefei 酒
Cantonese Guangzhou 酒, 燒酒, 傻仔水 humorous, 倒汗水 humorous
Hong Kong 酒
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 酒
Macau 酒
Guangzhou (Panyu) 酒
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 酒
Guangzhou (Conghua) 酒
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 酒
Foshan 酒
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 酒
Foshan (Shunde) 酒
Foshan (Sanshui) 酒
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 酒
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 酒
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 酒
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 酒
Zhuhai (Doumen) 酒
Jiangmen (Baisha) 酒
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 酒
Taishan 酒
Kaiping (Chikan) 酒
Enping (Niujiang) 酒
Heshan (Yayao) 酒
Dongguan 酒
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 酒
Yangjiang 燒酒, 燒有
Singapore (Guangfu) 酒
Gan Nanchang 酒
Lichuan 酒
Pingxiang 酒
Hakka Meixian 酒
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 酒, 傻仔水 humorous
Dongguan (Qingxi) 酒
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 酒
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 酒
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 酒
Yudu 酒
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 酒
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 酒
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 酒
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 酒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 酒
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 酒
Kuching (Hepo) 酒
Huizhou Jixi 酒
Shexian 酒
Jin Taiyuan 酒
Xinzhou 酒, 貓兒尿
Linhe 酒
Jining 酒
Hohhot 酒
Zhangjiakou 酒
Handan 酒
Northern Min Jian'ou 酒
Eastern Min Fuzhou 酒
Southern Min Xiamen 酒
Taipei 酒 GT, 燒酒 GT
Tainan 酒
Singapore (Hokkien) 酒
Manila (Hokkien) 酒
Chaozhou 酒
Leizhou 酒
Wenchang 酒
Haikou 酒
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 酒
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 酒, 三酉
Wu Shanghai 酒, 老酒
Shanghai (Chongming) 老酒
Suzhou 酒, 老酒
Danyang 老酒
Hangzhou 酒
Ningbo 老酒
Wenzhou 酒
Jinhua 酒, 三點水兒
Xiang Changsha 酒
Loudi 酒
Shuangfeng 酒
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (酒):
  • → Japanese: 酒(しゅ) (shu)
  • → Korean: 주(酒) (ju)
  • → Vietnamese: tửu (酒)

Others:

  • → Indonesian: ciu

References

Japanese

Kanji

酒

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
酒
さけ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

⟨sake2⟩ → /sakəɨ/ → /sake/

From Old Japanese 酒 (sake2),[1][2] from Proto-Japonic *sakai. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *sake. Attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE, with the ideographic spelling 酒.[2] Additionally, appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE and the Man'yōshū of c. 759 CE.[1][2] This is the standalone form of saka- below.

Various theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:

  • Might be cognate with 栄え (sakae), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 栄える (sakaeru, “to flourish”).[3][4]
  • Might be derived from 避ける (sakeru, “to ward off, to shun”), from the idea that drinking sake would ward off cold diseases.[4]
  • Might be derived from or a corruption of 酒 (kushi, “rice wine, rice vodka, sake”); however, the phonological shifts required are completely unexplainable.[4]
  • The final -ke may be an apophonic form of Old Japanese 酒 (ki1).[4]

Pronunciation

Noun

酒(さけ) • (sake) 

  1. any alcoholic beverage
  2. (especially) Synonym of 日本酒 (nihonshu): sake (Japanese rice wine)
  3. drinking, especially of alcoholic beverages
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms
Proverbs
Proverbs
Descendants
See also
See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
酒
さか
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese 酒 (saka).[1] Likely the original form of sake above. Rarely used in isolation. Mostly used as the first element in compounds.

Pronunciation

Noun

酒(さか) • (saka) 

  1. Combining form of 酒 (sake, “any alcoholic beverage; rice wine, rice vodka, sake”)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
酒
ささ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Originally a 女房詞 (nyōbō kotoba, literally “women's word”) term, possibly derived from reduplication of the first syllable sa from sake. Alternately, may be derived by metaphor from the Chinese-derived euphemism for sake, 竹葉 (chikuyō, literally “bamboo leaves”), as 笹 (sasa) refers to a type of short, leafy bamboo.[7][5]

Pronunciation

Noun

酒(ささ) • (sasa) 

  1. (archaic) any alcoholic beverage, especially sake (Japanese rice wine)
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
酒
しゅ
Grade: 3
goon

From Middle Chinese 酒 (MC tsjuwX).

Noun

酒(しゅ) • (shu) 

  1. an alcoholic drink, especially sake (Japanese rice wine)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Affix

酒(しゅ) • (shu) 

  1. alcoholic drink
Derived terms
Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese sake/saka”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “酒”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ^ “酒”, in 改訂新版 世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 “酒／さけ”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  7. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 酒 (MC tsjuwX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 쥬ᇢ〯 (Yale: cyǔw)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 술 (Yale: swùl) 쥬〮 (Yale: cyú)

Pronunciation

  • (alcoholic beverage; etc.):
  • (in 주정 (酒酊, jujeong)):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
    • Phonetic hangul:
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

酒 (eumhun 술 주 (sul ju))

  1. hanja form? of 주 (“alcoholic beverage”)

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji

酒

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
酒
さき
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sake, from Proto-Japonic *sakai. Cognate with mainland Japanese 酒 (sake).

Pronunciation

Noun

酒(さき) (saki) 

  1. any alcoholic beverage (wine, whisky, sake, etc.)

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ “さき【酒】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Old Japanese

Compounds

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *sakai. Standalone form of saka- below.

Various theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:

  • Might be cognate with 榮𛀁 (sakaye), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 榮ゆ (sakayu, “to flourish”).
  • Might be derived from 避く (saku, “to ward off, to shun”), from the idea that drinking sake would ward off cold diseases.
  • The final -ke2 may be the apophonic form of 酒 (ki1).

Noun

酒 (sake2) (kana さけ)

  1. any alcoholic drink, especially a rice wine similar to modern-day sake
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:酒.

Derived terms
Descendants
  • Japanese: 酒 (sake)

Etymology 2

Likely the original form of sake2 above. Rarely used in isolation. Mostly used as the first element in compounds.

Noun

酒 (saka) (kana さか)

  1. Combining form of 酒 (sake2, “any alcoholic beverage; rice wine, rice vodka, sake”)
Derived terms

Etymology 3

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “From Proto-Japonic *ki?”

Noun

酒 (ki1) (kana き)

  1. any alcoholic drink, especially a rice wine similar to modern-day sake
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 4

Cognate with 奇し (kusi, “strange, wondrous, miraculous”), which is also the root for modern 薬 (kusuri, “medicine”).[1]

Noun

酒 (kusi) (kana くし)

  1. any alcoholic drink, especially a rice wine similar to modern-day sake
    • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 32:
      [2]
      許能美岐波和賀美岐那良受久志能加美登許余邇伊麻須伊波多多須...
      ko2no2 mi1-ki1 wo waga mi1-ki1 narazu kusi no2 kami1 to2ko2yo2 ni imasu ipa tatasu...
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Tsuchihashi, Yutaka with Jin'ichi Konishi, Ichinosuke Takagi (1957) Kodai Kayōshū, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

Han character

酒: Hán Việt readings: tửu (子(tử)酉(dậu)切(thiết))[2][3][1][4][5]
酒: Nôm readings: rượu[2][3][1][6], tửu[3][4][7], giậu[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of tửu (“alcoholic beverage”).
  2. Nôm form of rượu (“rice alcohol”).

Compounds

Compounds

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Trần (2004).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Yonaguni

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sake, from Proto-Japonic *sakai. Cognate with Yaeyama 酒 (saki), Okinawan 酒 (saki), Japanese 酒 (sake).

Pronunciation

  • (Sonai) IPA(key): (tone class A)

Noun

酒(さぎ) (sagi) 

  1. an alcoholic beverage, particularly sake (a Japanese rice wine)
    さぎたりるん
    sagi tarirun
    to produce sake

Descendants

  • Yonaguni Hōgen Jiten Henshū I'inkai (与那国方言辞典編集委員会) (2021) どぅなんむぬい辞典 [Dunanmunui Dictionary], Yonaguni (与那国町): Yonaguni-chō Kyōiku I'inkai (与那国町教育委員会), page 147
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