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, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order
Han character
酒 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉 +3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水一金田 (EMCW ), four-corner 31160 , composition ⿰氵 酉 )
Derived characters
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 1281 , character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39776
Dae Jaweon: page 1779, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3574, character 2
Unihan data for U+9152
Chinese
Wikipedia has articles on:
酒 (Written Standard Chinese? ) 酒 (Cantonese) 酒 (Classical) 酒 (Gan) ciū (Eastern Min) chiú (Southern Min) 酒 (Wu)
Glyph origin
Old Chinese
楢
*kʰjuʔ, *lu
逎
*ʔslu
遒
*sklu, *sɡlu
蝤
*sklu, *sɡlu
揂
*sklu
酒
*ʔsluʔ
媨
*sklus
鞧
*skʰlu
緧
*skʰlu
趥
*skʰlu, *skʰluŋs
酋
*sɡlu
崷
*sɡlu
鰌
*sɡlu
煪
*sɡlu
醜
*l̥ʰjuʔ
猶
*klus, *lu, *lus
猷
*lu
輶
*lu, *luʔ, *lus
偤
*lu
莤
*lu, *sruɡ
蕕
*lu
庮
*lu, *luʔ
槱
*luʔ, *lus
梄
*luʔ
丣
*luʔ
酉
*luʔ
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意 ) : 水 ( “ water ” ) + 酉 ( “ an alcoholic drink vessel ” ) - the liquid associated with an alcoholic drink vessel - alcohol.
Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声 , OC *ʔsluʔ ) : semantic 水 ( “ water, liquid ” ) + phonetic 酉 ( OC *luʔ) .
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *jəw ( “ liquor ” ) (STEDT). Cognate with 酉 (OC *luʔ , “wine; wine vessel”).
Pronunciation
Mandarin
(Standard )
(Pinyin ) : jiǔ (jiu3 )
(Zhuyin ) : ㄐㄧㄡˇ
(Chengdu , Sichuanese Pinyin ) : jiu3
(Dungan , Cyrillic and Wiktionary ) : җю (ži͡u, II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou –Hong Kong , Jyutping ) : zau2
(Taishan , Wiktionary ) : diu2
Gan (Wiktionary ) : jiu3
Hakka
(Sixian , PFS ) : chiú
(Meixian , Guangdong ) : jiu3
Jin (Wiktionary ) : jiou2
Northern Min (KCR ) : ciǔ
Eastern Min (BUC ) : ciū
Southern Min
(Hokkien , POJ ) : chiú
(Teochew , Peng'im ) : ziu2
Wu (Wugniu )
Xiang (Changsha , Wiktionary ) : ziou3
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
酒
Reading #
1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
jiǔ
Middle Chinese
‹ tsjuwX ›
Old Chinese
/*tsuʔ/
English
wine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
酒
Reading #
1/1
No.
15554
Phonetic component
酉
Rime group
幽
Rime subdivision
1
Corresponding MC rime
酒
Old Chinese
/*ʔsluʔ/
Definitions
酒
alcoholic beverages in general; alcoholic drink
你 幹嗎 不 喝 點 酒 ? [MSC , trad. ] 你 干吗 不 喝 点 酒 ? [MSC , simp. ] Nǐ gànmá bù hē diǎn jiǔ ? How come you don't wanna have a sip of alcohol?
( Cantonese ) banquet (Classifier : 圍 / 围 c )
a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
酒 (“alcoholic beverage; liquor”)
Variety
Location
Words
Classical Chinese
酒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
酒
Mandarin
Beijing
酒
Taiwan
酒
Tianjin
酒
Tangshan
酒
Cangzhou
酒
Baoding
酒
Shijiazhuang
酒
Chifeng
酒
Hulunbuir (Hailar)
酒
Harbin
酒
Shenyang
酒
Yantai (Muping)
酒
Qingdao
酒
Jinan
酒
Luoyang
酒
Wanrong
酒
Zhengzhou
酒
Xi'an
酒
Yinchuan
酒
Lanzhou
酒
Xining
酒
Ürümqi
酒
Wuhan
酒
Chengdu
酒 , 尼姑尿 derogatory
Chongqing
酒
Guiyang
酒
Kunming
酒
Guilin
酒
Liuzhou
酒
Xuzhou
酒
Yangzhou
酒 , 三六子
Nanjing
酒 , 老酒
Hefei
酒
Nantong
酒
Malaysia
酒
Singapore
酒
Cantonese
Guangzhou
酒 , 燒酒 , 傻仔水 humorous , 倒汗水 humorous
Hong Kong
酒
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
酒
Macau
酒
Guangzhou (Panyu)
酒
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
酒
Guangzhou (Conghua)
酒
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
酒
Foshan
酒
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
酒
Foshan (Shunde)
酒
Foshan (Sanshui)
酒
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
酒
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
酒
Zhuhai (Qianshan)
酒
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)
酒
Zhuhai (Doumen)
酒
Jiangmen (Baisha)
酒
Jiangmen (Xinhui)
酒
Taishan
酒
Kaiping (Chikan)
酒
Enping (Niujiang)
酒
Heshan (Yayao)
酒
Dongguan
酒
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
酒
Yangjiang
燒酒 , 燒有
Singapore (Guangfu)
酒
Gan
Nanchang
酒
Lichuan
酒
Pingxiang
酒
Hakka
Meixian
酒
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
酒 , 傻仔水 humorous
Dongguan (Qingxi)
酒
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
酒
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
酒
Conghua (Lütian)
酒
Yudu
酒
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
酒
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
酒
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
酒
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
酒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
酒
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
酒
Kuching (Hepo)
酒
Huizhou
Jixi
酒
Shexian
酒
Jin
Taiyuan
酒
Xinzhou
酒 , 貓兒尿
Linhe
酒
Jining
酒
Hohhot
酒
Zhangjiakou
酒
Handan
酒
Northern Min
Jian'ou
酒
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
酒
Southern Min
Xiamen
酒
Taipei
酒 GT , 燒酒 GT
Tainan
酒
Singapore (Hokkien)
酒
Manila (Hokkien)
酒
Chaozhou
酒
Leizhou
酒
Wenchang
酒
Haikou
酒
Zhongshan Min
Shaxi (Longdu)
酒
Southern Pinghua
Nanning (Tingzi)
酒 , 三酉
Wu
Shanghai
酒 , 老酒
Shanghai (Chongming)
老酒
Suzhou
酒 , 老酒
Danyang
老酒
Hangzhou
酒
Ningbo
老酒
Wenzhou
酒
Jinhua
酒 , 三點水兒
Xiang
Changsha
酒
Loudi
酒
Shuangfeng
酒
Note
GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Compounds
Descendants
Others :
References
Japanese
Kanji
酒
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji )
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
⟨sake2 ⟩ → /sakəɨ/ → /sake/
From Old Japanese 酒 ( sake2 ) , from Proto-Japonic *sakay . Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *sake . Attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE , with the ideographic spelling 酒 . Additionally, appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE and the Man'yōshū of c. 759 CE . This is the standalone form of saka- below.
Various theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:
Might be cognate with 栄え ( sakae ) , the 連用形 ( ren'yōkei , “ stem or continuative form ” ) of verb 栄える ( sakaeru , “ to flourish ” ) .
Might be derived from 避ける ( sakeru , “ to ward off, to shun ” ) , from the idea that drinking sake would ward off cold diseases.
Might be derived from or a corruption of 酒 ( kushi , “ rice wine, rice vodka, sake ” ) ; however, the phonological shifts required are completely unexplainable.
The final -ke may be an apophonic form of Old Japanese 酒 ( ki1 ) .
Pronunciation
Noun
酒( さけ ) • (sake )
( impolite ) any alcoholic beverage
( especially ) Synonym of 日本酒 ( nihonshu ) : sake ( Japanese rice wine )
drinking , especially of alcoholic beverages
Derived terms
Idioms
Proverbs
Descendants
See also
Etymology 2
From Old Japanese 酒 ( saka ) . Likely the original form of sake above. Rarely used in isolation. Mostly used as the first element in compounds.
Pronunciation
Noun
酒( さか ) • (saka )
Combining form of 酒 ( sake , “ any alcoholic beverage; rice wine , rice vodka , sake ” )
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Originally a 女房詞 ( nyōbō kotoba , literally “ women 's word ” ) term, possibly derived from reduplication of the first syllable sa from sake . Alternately, may be derived by metaphor from the Chinese -derived euphemism for sake , 竹葉 ( chikuyō , literally “ bamboo leaves ” ) , as 笹 ( sasa ) refers to a type of short , leafy bamboo.
Pronunciation
Noun
酒( ささ ) • (sasa )
( archaic ) any alcoholic beverage , especially sake ( Japanese rice wine )
Derived terms
Etymology 4
From Middle Chinese 酒 (MC tsjuwX ).
Noun
酒( しゅ ) • (shu )
an alcoholic drink , especially sake ( Japanese rice wine )
Derived terms
Affix
酒( しゅ ) • (shu )
alcoholic drink
Derived terms
References
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023 ) “Old Japanese sake/saka ”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “酒 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 ( Nihon Kokugo Daijiten , “ Nihon Kokugo Daijiten ” ) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō : Shogakukan , 2000
^ “酒 ”, in 世界大百科事典 第2版 ( Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan , “ Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition” ) (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Heibonsha , 1998
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 “酒/さけ ”, in 語源由来辞典 ( Gogen Yurai Jiten , “ Etymology Derivation Dictionary ” ) (in Japanese), 2003–2024 .
↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Matsumura, Akira , editor (2006 ), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō : Sanseidō , →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute , editor (1998 ), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary ] (in Japanese), Tōkyō : NHK Publishing , →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira (1995 ) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō : Shogakukan , →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 酒 (MC tsjuwX ).
Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun , 1448
쥬ᇢ〯 (Yale : cyǔw )
Middle Korean
Text
Eumhun
Gloss (hun )
Reading
Hunmong Jahoe , 1527
술 (Yale : swùl )
쥬〮 (Yale : cyú )
Pronunciation
( alcoholic beverage; etc. ) :
( in 주정 (酒酊 , jujeong ) ) : (SK Standard /Seoul ) IPA (key ) : Phonetic hangul: Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource
酒 (eumhun 술 주 ( sul ju ) )
Hanja form? of 주 ( “ alcoholic beverage ” ) .
Compounds
References
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典 .
Okinawan
Kanji
酒
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji )
Readings
On (unclassified): す ( su )
Kun : さき ( saki , 酒 )
Compounds
Etymology
From Proto-Ryukyuan *sake , from Proto-Japonic *sakay . Cognate with mainland Japanese 酒 ( sake ) .
Pronunciation
Noun
酒( さき ) (saki )
any alcoholic beverage ( wine , whisky , sake , etc.)
Derived terms
References
^ “さき【酒】 ” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary , 2019.
Old Japanese
Compounds
Etymology 1
From Proto-Japonic *sakay . Standalone form of saka- below.
Various theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:
Might be cognate with 榮𛀁 ( sakaye ) , the 連用形 ( ren'yōkei , “ stem or continuative form ” ) of verb 榮ゆ ( sakayu , “ to flourish ” ) .
Might be derived from 避く ( saku , “ to ward off, to shun ” ) , from the idea that drinking sake would ward off cold diseases.
The final -ke2 may be the apophonic form of 酒 ( ki1 ) .
Noun
酒 (sake2 ) (kana さけ )
any alcoholic drink , especially a rice wine similar to modern-day sake
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:酒 .
Derived terms
味酒 ( umasake2 )
待ち酒 ( matizake2 )
Descendants
Etymology 2
Likely the original form of sake2 above. Rarely used in isolation. Mostly used as the first element in compounds.
Noun
酒 (saka ) (kana さか )
Combining form of 酒 ( sake2 , “ any alcoholic beverage; rice wine , rice vodka , sake ” )
Derived terms
酒水漬く ( sakami1 duku )
酒坏 , 酒杯 ( sakaduki1 )
酒壺 ( sakatubo )
Etymology 3
Noun
酒 (ki1 ) (kana き )
any alcoholic drink , especially a rice wine similar to modern-day sake
Derived terms
御酒 ( mi1 -ki1 )
黒酒 ( kuro1 ki2 )
白酒 ( siro1 ki2 )
Descendants
Japanese: 味酒 ( umaki )
Japanese: お神酒 ( o-miki )
Etymology 4
Cognate with 奇し ( kusi , “ strange , wondrous , miraculous ” ) , which is also the root for modern 薬 ( kusuri , “ medicine ” ) .
Noun
酒 (kusi ) (kana くし )
any alcoholic drink , especially a rice wine similar to modern-day sake
許能美岐波和賀美岐那良受久志 能加美登許余邇伊麻須伊波多多須... ko2 no2 mi1 -ki1 wo waga mi1 -ki1 narazu kusi no2 kami1 to2 ko2 yo2 ni imasu ipa tatasu... (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms
References
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988 ) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition) ] (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Shogakukan , →ISBN
^ Tsuchihashi, Yutaka with Jin'ichi Konishi, Ichinosuke Takagi (1957 ) Kodai Kayōshū , Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten , →ISBN
Vietnamese
Alternative forms
Han character
酒 : Hán Việt readings: tửu (子 ( tử ) 酉 ( dậu ) 切 ( thiết ) )
酒 : Nôm readings: rượu , tửu , giậu
chữ Hán form of tửu ( “ alcoholic beverage ” ) .
Nôm form of rượu ( “ rice alcohol ” ) .
Compounds
References