酵

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酵 U+9175, 酵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9175
← 酴
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 酶 →

Translingual

Han character

酵 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一田十大木 (MWJKD), four-corner 14647, composition ⿰酉孝)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1283, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39868
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1783, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3582, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+9175

Chinese

trad. 酵
simp. # 酵

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (孝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
酵 *kruːs
窙 *qʰruː
哮 *qʰruː, *qʰruːs
庨 *qʰruː
涍 *qʰruː, *qʰruːs
孝 *qʰruːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːs) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 孝 (OC *qʰruːs) – fermenting in a vessel, making alcoholic drink. 孝 is composed of “young + old”, hence connotations of “aging (in a vase), fermentation”.

Etymology

In some lects, the pronunciation of 酵 (jiào) is the same as that of 孝 (xiào). This is the result of dubanbian (讀半邊／读半边 (dúbànbiān)).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • haau1 - most common pronunciation;
  • gaau3 - prescribed pronunciation;
  • haau3 - variant.
Note:
  • kàu - literary;
  • kàⁿ - vernacular;
  • hàu - vernacular (俗).
Rime
Character 酵
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古孝切
Baxter kaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠauH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚauH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kauH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaɨwH/
Li
Rong 		/kauH/
Wang
Li 		/kauH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kauH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gaau3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 酵
Reading # 1/1
No. 13766
Phonetic
component 		孝
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		敎
Old
Chinese 		/*kruːs/

Definitions

酵

  1. yeast
  2. to yeast
  3. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) dough with yeast

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

酵

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 酵 (MC kaewH). The original reading is 교 (gyo); the prominently-used 효 (hyo) is from a corrupted or unorthodox reading.

Historical readings

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): ~
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

酵 (eumhun 삭힐 효 (sakhil hyo)), 酵 (eumhun 삭힐 교 (sakhil gyo))

  1. Hanja form? of 효 (“yeast”).

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

酵: Hán Nôm readings: diếu, giếu, dáo, giáo

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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