醫

See also: 医

醫	U+91AB, 醫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91AB

← 醪

CJK Unified Ideographs

醬 →

Translingual

Japanese	医
Simplified	医
Traditional	醫

Han character

醫 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+11, 18 strokes, cangjie input 尸水一金田 (SEMCW), four-corner 7760₁, composition ⿱殹酉)

Derived characters

鿀, 𡄵, 𧕪, 𧮒

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1287, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40006
Dae Jaweon: page 1787, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3595, character 9
Unihan data for U+91AB

Chinese

trad.		醫
simp.		医^*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 醫
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (医) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鷖	*qiː
翳	qiː, qiːs
嫛	*qiː
黳	*qiː
繄	qiː, qiːs
医	*qiːs
嫕	*qiːs
蘙	*qiːs
瞖	*qiːs
殹	*qiːs
贀	*ɢʷis
醫	*qɯ
毉	*qɯ
蠮	*qiːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯ) : phonetic 殹 (OC *qiːs) + semantic 酉 (“liquor”).

Alternatively, as an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 殹 (“to groan”) + 酉 (“liquor”) – using medicinal liquor to treat a groaning patient.

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *ʔə and suggests it is cognate with Proto-Hlai *ja¹ (“medicine”), Proto-Kam-Sui *gja² (“medicine; to cure”), Proto-Tai *ˀjɯəᴬ (“medicine”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yī (yi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yi¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йи (yi, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ji¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yi¹
Gan (Wiktionary): i¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yî

(Meixian, Guangdong): yi¹
Jin (Wiktionary): i¹
Northern Min (KCR): í
Eastern Min (BUC): ĭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): i

(Teochew, Peng'im): ui¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹i
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xi¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yī
  - Zhuyin: ㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yi
  - Wade–Giles: i¹
  - Yale: yī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yi¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йи (yi, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ji¹
  - Yale: yī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ji³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: i¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁴²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
  - Hakka Romanization System: i^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: i¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /i¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: í
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: i
  - Tâi-lô: i
  - Phofsit Daibuun: y
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /i³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /i⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /i⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ui¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹i
  - MiniDict: i^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹i
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: xi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi³³/

Middle Chinese: 'i

Rime
Character	醫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於其切
Baxter	'i
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨ/
Li Rong	/ʔiə/
Wang Li	/ĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	醫
Reading #	1/1
No.	15058
Phonetic component	医
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	醫
Old Chinese	/*qɯ/

Definitions

醫

medicinal; medicine
doctor
- 子曰：「南人有言曰：『人而無恆，不可以作巫醫。』善夫！不恆其德，或承之羞。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：「南人有言曰：『人而无恒，不可以作巫医。』善夫！不恒其德，或承之羞。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
  Zǐyuē: “Nánrén yǒu yán yuē: ‘Rén ér wúhéng, bùkěyǐ zuò wūyī.’ Shàn fú! Bùhéng qí dé, huò chéng zhī xiū.”
  The Master said, "The people of the south have a saying - 'A man without constancy cannot be either a wizard or a doctor.' Good! Inconstant in his virtue, he will be visited with disgrace."
- 凡大醫治病，必當安神定志，無欲無求，先發大慈惻隱之心。誓願普救含靈之苦。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  凡大医治病，必当安神定志，无欲无求，先发大慈恻隐之心。誓愿普救含灵之苦。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Sun Simiao, Essential Formulas Worth a Thousand Weights in Gold to Prepare for Emergencies, 652 CE
  Fán dàyī zhìbìng, bì dāng ānshén dìngzhì, wúyù wúqiú, xiānfā dàcí cèyǐn zhī xīn. Shìyuàn pǔjiù hánlíng zhī kǔ.
  In all cases, when you treat disease as an eminent physician, you must quiet your spirit and fix your intention, you must be free of wants and desires, and you must first develop a heart full of great compassion and empathy. You must pledge your desire to rescue all sentient beings indiscriminately from their suffering.
to cure; to treat
冇得醫／冇得医 [Cantonese] ― mou⁵ dak¹ ji¹ ― untreatable
- 「假病，老子給你醫！」 [MSC, trad.]
  「假病，老子给你医！」 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1935, Xia Yan, 《包身工》
  “jiǎ bìng, lǎozi gěi nǐ yī!”
  You fake sickness; I'll give you the cure.
(Sichuanese) to punish