釵
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Translingual
Han character
釵 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+3, 11 strokes, cangjie input 金水戈 (CEI), four-corner 87140, composition ⿰釒叉)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1297, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40191
- Dae Jaweon: page 1800, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4173, character 14
- Unihan data for U+91F5
Chinese
| trad. | 釵 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 钗 | |
Glyph origin
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): caai1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhâi
- Eastern Min (BUC): chăi
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chai
- Wade–Giles: chʻai1
- Yale: chāi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chai
- Palladius: чай (čaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caai1
- Yale: chāai
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai1
- Guangdong Romanization: cai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâi
- Hakka Romanization System: cai´
- Hagfa Pinyim: cai1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chăi
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoe
- Tâi-lô: thue
- Phofsit Daibuun: toef
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰue³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: the
- Tâi-lô: the
- Phofsit Daibuun: tef
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: toi1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thoi
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰoi³³/
- (Teochew)
- Middle Chinese: tsrhea
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːl/
Definitions
釵
Synonyms
Compounds
References
- “Query for 釵”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 釵 (MC tsrhea). Compare modern Mandarin 釵／钗 (chāi, “hairpin; sai (weapon)”).
This character was originally used in Japanese to mean (ornamental) hairpin, and was read with a kun'yomi of kanzashi. The similarity in shape between a hairpin and the weapon called a sai later led to this character being used to refer to the weapon. In modern Japanese, this character is read primarily with its on'yomi of sai, and is used to refer to the weapon. The hairpin sense and kanzashi reading are more often spelled 簪.
Pronunciation
Noun
- (weaponry) a sai: a short blunt weapon with a wide guard, used mainly for defense against opponents armed with swords
See also
- 十手 (じって, jitte)
Etymology 2
/kamusaɕi/ → /kanzaɕi/
Originally a compound of 髪 (kamu, “hair, hair of the head”, Old Japanese combining form) + 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through (something that sticks through)”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 挿す sasu “to stick through, to insert”). The sashi changes to zashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Noun
- a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles
Usage notes
This sense is more commonly spelled in kanji as 簪 or in kana as かんざし.
Etymology 3
May be a sound shift from kanzashi.
/kanzaɕi/ → /kazaɕi/
Alternately, this may be a compound of 髪 (ka, “hair”, apophonic form of 毛 ke “hair”) + 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through”).
A folk etymology occasionally encountered is that this as a compound of 花 (ka, “flower”) + 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through”), as many decorative hairpins have floral themes. However, this etymology would mix the Chinese-derived on'yomi of ka and the Old Japanese-derived kun'yomi of sashi, which seems less probable than the above two possibilities.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Noun
- (obsolete) an ornamental hairpin (see above)
Related terms
- 挿頭す (kazasu): to stick in one's hair (as for decoration); to add decoration on top of something
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
釵 • (chae, cha) (hangeul 채, 차, revised chae, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, ch'a, Yale chay, cha)
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Vietnamese
Han character
釵: Hán Nôm readings: thoa, soa, sai
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