鉛

See also: 铅

鉛	U+925B, 鉛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-925B

← 鉚

CJK Unified Ideographs

鉜 →

Translingual

Alternative forms

The 㕣 component's top can appear as 八, 儿, or 几.

Han character

鉛 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 金金口 (CCR) or 金竹弓口 (CHNR), four-corner 8816₀, composition ⿰釒㕣)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1301, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40310
Dae Jaweon: page 1803, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4189, character 1
Unihan data for U+925B

Chinese

trad.		鉛
simp.		铅
alternative forms		鈆／铅

Chemical element
Pb
Previous: 鉈／铊 (tā) (Tl)
Next: 鉍／铋 (bì) (Bi)

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (沿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
船	*ɦljon
沿	*lon
鉛	*lon

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lon) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon) – a kind of metal.

Etymology

Most varieties have a pronunciation derived from a velar initial.

Schuessler (2007) see it a re-etymologization towards 掔 (MC khean|khen, “solid; hard”).
Per Liu (2022), it is from Wu, in which the character 鉛／铅 is used to denote an etymon meaning "tinplate" with this velar pronunciation. As for further etymology, Liu suggested it an Indo-European-sourced borrowing, cf. English can (“metal container”).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qiān, yán (qian¹, yan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ, ㄧㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuan²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yon³
Gan (Wiktionary): nyyon⁴ / kan¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn

(Meixian, Guangdong): yan²
Jin (Wiktionary): qie¹
Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̂ing
Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iân

(Teochew, Peng'im): ing⁵ / êng⁵ / iang⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹khe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yenn²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cian
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien¹
  - Yale: chyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
  - Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yán
  - Wade–Giles: yen²
  - Yale: yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yuan²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yan²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴
  - Yale: yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jᵘɔn²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: nyyon⁴ / kan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲyɵn³⁵/, /kʰan⁴²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̂ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
  - Tâi-lô: iân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ing⁵ / êng⁵ / iang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: îng / êng / iâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/, /eŋ⁵⁵/, /iaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

ing5 - Chaozhou;
êng5 - Jieyang;
iang5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Puning, Huilai.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹khe
  - MiniDict: khe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹khe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰe⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: yenn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y̯ẽ¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 鉛
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰian²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰian²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰiã²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰiã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰiɛ̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/yan³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰien³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiĩ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰe⁵³/
	Suzhou	/kʰe̞⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰa³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰie³¹/ /kʰɛ³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kʰɔ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/yẽ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/yẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵyɵn⁴⁵/ ～筆 /kʰan⁴²/ 洋～桶
Hakka	Meixian	/ian¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyn²¹/
	Nanning	/yn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ian³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/yoŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/yiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/iŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/in³¹/

Middle Chinese: ywen

Rime
Character	鉛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與專切
Baxter	ywen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/juæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwian/
Li Rong	/iuɛn/
Wang Li	/jĭwɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*lon/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鉛
Reading #	1/1
No.	14281
Phonetic component	沿
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	沿
Old Chinese	/*lon/

Definitions

鉛

Wikipedia has articles on:

鉛 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Lead (English)

(chemistry) lead (Pb)
lead (in a pencil); graphite

Synonyms

(lead (Pb)): (Taoism) 嬰兒／婴儿 (yīng'ér)
(graphite): 石墨 (shímò)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yán (yan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yon³
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): yan²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iân

(Teochew, Peng'im): ing⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yán
  - Wade–Giles: yen²
  - Yale: yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴
  - Yale: yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jᵘɔn²²/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
  - Tâi-lô: iân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ing⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: îng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: ywen

Rime
Character	鉛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與專切
Baxter	ywen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/juæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwian/
Li Rong	/iuɛn/
Wang Li	/jĭwɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun⁴

Definitions

鉛

Used in 鉛山／铅山 (Yánshān).

Japanese

Shinjitai	鉛
Kyūjitai ^[1]	鉛󠄁 鉛+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	鉛󠄅 鉛+`󠄅`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

鉛

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)
Kun: なまり (namari, 鉛, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

Perhaps related to Goguryeo 乃勿 (*namur). Compare Korean 납 (nap).

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
鉛
なまり Grade: S
kun'yomi

Chemical element
Pb
Previous: タリウム (tariumu) (Tl)
Next: ビスマス (bisumasu) (Bi)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

鉛

Wikipedia ^ja

(Tokyo) なまり (Heiban – )
IPA^(key):

Noun

鉛(なまり) • (namari) (uncountable)

lead (chemical element)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鉛
えん Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 鉛 (MC ywen).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Affix

鉛(えん) • (en)

lead (chemical element)

Derived terms

鉛(えん)筆(ぴつ) (enpitsu): pencil

References

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2180 (paper), page 1142 (digital)

Korean

Hanja

鉛 • (yeon) (hangeul 연)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鉛: Hán Việt readings: duyên (余(dư)專(chuyên)切(thiết))^[1]
鉛: Nôm readings: ven^[2], diên^[3], duyên^[3]

chữ Hán form of duyên (“lead”).

References

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2180 (paper), page 1142 (digital)

[gdhn-2] Trần (2004).

[btcn-3] Hồ (1976).

[genibrel-4] 3.0 ^3.1 Génibrel (1898).

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

鉛

Contents

Translingual

Alternative forms

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Affix

Derived terms

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia