門

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

See images of
Radical 169 門

門 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日弓 (AN), four-corner 7777₇, composition ⿰𠁣𠃛)

1. Kangxi radical #169, ⾨.
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №438

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/門
• 們, 𠵘, 𡍜, 𪩴, 㥃, 捫, 𣶯, 𪺿, 椚, 𦝋, 𦁺, 鍆, 𪘶, 𡮉
• 問, 悶, 𢛩, 焛, 聞, 誾, 𨉖, 𢠶, 𢡙, 𢡥, 菛, 𭑙, 𮅘, 𮦗, 𤩟, 𡾧, 𤷱, 𡮆

Related characters

• 门 (Simplified Chinese)

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1329, character 53
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41208
• Dae Jaweon: page 1833, character 38
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4281, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9580

Chinese

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 門 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 門 (Cantonese)
• mùn (Hakka)
• muòng (Eastern Min)
• 門 (Wu)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 門
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) : a gate. Compare 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “(one) door”), which is half of this character.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-muːr (“mouth; lip; to hold in mouth; to chew; face; gills”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan མུར་བ (mur ba, “to masticate”), Tibetan མུར་འགྲམ (mur 'gram, “jawbone; cheek”), Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”) and 吻 (OC *mɯnʔ, “lips; corner of the lips”).

“-gate”

Semantic loan from English -gate, which is a back-formation from Watergate. Also influenced by Japanese 羅生門.

Pronunciation

Definitions

門

1. gate; door; entrance; opening; portal (Classifier: 扇 m mn; 道 m c; 度 c; 條／条 c; 隻／只 c; 片 mn)
2. valve; switch
3. way of doing something; knack

   門路／门路  ―  ménlù  ―  way of doing something

4. family
5. school; sect; school of thought; tradition

   佛門／佛门  ―  fómén  ―  Buddhism

   門生／门生  ―  ménshēng  ―  disciple of a particular tradition

6. class; category
7. (taxonomy) phylum; division
8. (logic, electronics) logic gate
9. Classifier for lessons, subjects, branches of technology, and languages. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
10. Classifier for livelihoods, trades, skills, businesses, etc.

    這門生意不好做。 [MSC, trad.]
    这门生意不好做。 [MSC, simp.]

    Zhè mén shēngyì bùhǎo zuò.

    It's a tough business.

11. Classifier for thoughts, ideas, or emotions, particularly those forming a system or complex.

    你這一門心思，誰猜得到？ [MSC, trad.]
    你这一门心思，谁猜得到？ [MSC, simp.]

    Nǐ zhè yī mén xīnsī, shéi cāidé dào?

    Who could have guessed all that in your mind?

12. Classifier for marriage, romantic, or family relations.

    說成一門親事／说成一门亲事  ―  shuō chéng yī mén qīnshì  ―  to successfully make a match

13. Classifier for large guns.
14. -gate (a suffix combined with keywords to form the names of scandals)
15. (anatomy) hilum of an organ
16. a surname

Synonyms

• (gate): 閘／闸 (zhá)

• (large gun classifier): 尊 (zūn)

Compounds

Descendants

Others:

• Wutunhua: men

See also

• (Taxonomy) 生物分類學／生物分类学; 域 (yù, “domain”), 界 (jiè, “kingdom”), 門／门 (mén, “phylum”), 綱／纲 (gāng, “class”), 目 (mù, “order”), 科 (kē, “family”), 屬／属 (shǔ, “genus”), 種／种 (zhǒng, “species”) ^{(Category: zh:Taxonomy)}

References

• “門”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: もん (mon, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぼん (bon)
• Kun: かど (kado, 門, Jōyō); いえ (ie, 門); と (to, 門); みうち (miuchi, 門)
• Nanori: かな (kana); と (to); ひろ (hiro); ゆき (yuki)

Compounds

• 長(なが)門(と) (Nagato)
• 鳴(なる)門(と) (Naruto)
• 毘沙門(びしゃもん)天(てん) (Bishamonten)

Alternative forms

• (ryakuji) 门

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 門 (MC mwon).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) も​ん (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

門(もん) • (mon) 

1. a gate
2. (religion) a sect, school of thought
3. (biology) a phylum, division
4. Short for 門限 (mongen): a curfew

Coordinate terms

• (Taxonomy) 生物(せいぶつ)の分類(ぶんるい) (seibutsu no bunrui); ドメイン (domein, “domain”), 界(かい) (kai, “kingdom”), 門(もん) (mon, “phylum”), 綱(こう) (kō, “class”), 目(もく) (moku, “order”), 科(か) (ka, “family”), 属(ぞく) (zoku, “genus”), 種(しゅ) (shu, “species”) ^{(Category: ja:Taxonomy)}

Derived terms

• 雷(かみなり)門(もん) (Kaminarimon)

Counter

門(もん) • (-mon) 

1. counter for cannons or large guns

Affix

門(もん) • (mon) 

1. doorway, exit and entrance
2. clan, family, kin
3. teaching institution
4. set of academic doctrines
5. Used in Sanskrit transliterations

Derived terms

• 部(ぶ)門(もん) (bumon)
• 専門(せんもん) (senmon)
• 門(もん)戸(こ) (monko, “family”)

Etymology 2

⟨kado₁⟩ → */kadʷo/ → /kado/

From Old Japanese.

The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to, “door”). Compare 籠 (kago, “basket”), which is cognate with 籠 (ko).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か​ど (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

門(かど) • (kado) 

1. a gate, portal
2. an entrance, gateway, opening
3. a clan, family, kin

Derived terms

• 帝(みかど) (mikado)

Proper noun

門(かど) • (Kado) 

1. a surname

Etymology 3

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 門 (MC mwon).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

門

Wikisource

門 (eumhun 문 문 (mun mun))

1. Hanja form^? of 문 (“gate; door; gateway; portal”).

Compounds

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to₁, “door”).

Noun

門 (kado₁) (kana かど)

1. a gate, portal
2. an entrance, gateway, opening

Derived terms

• 御門 (mi₁kado₁)

Descendants

• Japanese: 門 (kado)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

門 (kadu) (kana かづ)

1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) Same as カド^甲 (kado₁) above
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4386:

     和加加都乃以都母等夜奈枳以都母以都母於母加古比須須奈理麻之都都母

     waga katu no₂ itumoto₂ yanagi₂ itu mo itu mo omo ka ko₁pi₁susu narimasitutu mo

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Vietnamese

Han character

門: Hán Nôm readings: môn, món, mon

1. chữ Hán form of môn (“subject, discipline; door, entrance”).

Zhuang

Pronoun

門

1. Sawndip form of mwngz