閣
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Translingual
Han character
閣 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 日弓竹水口 (ANHER), four-corner 77604, composition ⿵門各)
Derived characters
Related characters
- 阁 (Simplified Chinese)
- 閤 (Variant traditional form of 阁 in mainland China)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1334, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41300
- Dae Jaweon: page 1840, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4298, character 2
- Unihan data for U+95A3
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 閣 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːɡ) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).
Etymology 1
| trad. | 閣 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 阁* | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gok3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kok
- Eastern Min (BUC): gó̤k
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7koq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gé
- Wade–Giles: ko2
- Yale: gé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ger
- Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gok3
- Yale: gok
- Cantonese Pinyin: gok8
- Guangdong Romanization: gog3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kok
- Hakka Romanization System: gog`
- Hagfa Pinyim: gog5
- Sinological IPA: /kok̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gó̤k
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- koh - vernacular;
- kok - literary.
- Middle Chinese: kak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.kˤak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*klaːɡ/
Definitions
閣
- chamber; pavilion
- cabinet
- (Hong Kong, only used in names) apartment building
Compounds
- 亭臺樓閣／亭台楼阁 (tíngtáilóugé)
- 仙山瓊閣／仙山琼阁 (xiānshānqiónggé)
- 令閣／令阁
- 倒閣／倒阁 (dǎogé)
- 入閣／入阁 (rùgé)
- 內閣／内阁 (nèigé)
- 內閣制／内阁制
- 內閣總理／内阁总理
- 凌煙閣／凌烟阁
- 出閣／出阁 (chūgé)
- 出閣之喜／出阁之喜
- 劍閣／剑阁 (Jiàngé)
- 大家閨閣／大家闺阁
- 天一閣／天一阁 (Tiānyīgé)
- 天祿閣／天禄阁
- 太魯閣／太鲁阁 (Tàilǔgé)
- 延閣／延阁
- 影子內閣／影子内阁 (yǐngzi nèigé)
- 投閣／投阁
- 抬閣／抬阁
- 揚雄投閣／扬雄投阁
- 擔閣／担阁
- 文宗閣／文宗阁
- 文津閣／文津阁
- 文淵閣／文渊阁
- 文源閣／文源阁
- 文滙閣／文滙阁
- 文溯閣／文溯阁
- 文瀾閣／文澜阁
- 暖閣／暖阁
- 朱閣／朱阁
- 朱閣青樓／朱阁青楼
- 束之高閣／束之高阁 (shùzhīgāogé)
- 東閣／东阁
- 架閣／架阁
- 梵閣／梵阁
- 椒閣／椒阁
- 樓臺亭閣／楼台亭阁
- 樓閣／楼阁 (lóugé)
- 樓閣亭臺／楼阁亭台
- 殿閣／殿阁
- 汲古閣／汲古阁
- 淳化閣帖／淳化阁帖
- 淳熙閣帖／淳熙阁帖
- 滕王閣／滕王阁 (Téngwánggé)
- 滕王閣序／滕王阁序
- 玉樓金閣／玉楼金阁
- 瓊瑤樓閣／琼瑶楼阁
- 瓊臺玉閣／琼台玉阁
- 瓊閨繡閣／琼闺绣阁
- 畫閣／画阁 (huàgé)
- 畫閣朱樓／画阁朱楼
- 直閣／直阁
- 看守內閣／看守内阁
- 空中樓閣／空中楼阁 (kōngzhōnglóugé)
- 組閣／组阁 (zǔgé)
- 繡閣／绣阁
- 繡閣長春／绣阁长春
- 置之高閣／置之高阁
- 耽閣／耽阁
- 聯合內閣／联合内阁
- 聯立內閣／联立内阁
- 臺閣／台阁
- 臺閣生風／台阁生风
- 藝閣／艺阁
- 複閣／复阁
- 責任內閣／责任内阁
- 超然內閣／超然内阁
- 過渡內閣／过渡内阁
- 鈴閣／铃阁
- 閉閣思過／闭阁思过
- 閣下／阁下 (géxià)
- 閣不住／阁不住
- 閣主／阁主
- 閣兒／阁儿
- 閣員／阁员 (géyuán)
- 閣子／阁子 (gézi)
- 閣揆／阁揆 (gékuí)
- 閣楞／阁楞
- 閣樓／阁楼 (gélóu)
- 閣正／阁正
- 閣氣／阁气
- 閣淚／阁泪
- 閣老／阁老
- 閣落／阁落
- 閣議／阁议
- 閣道／阁道
- 閣鈔／阁钞
- 閨閣／闺阁 (guīgé)
- 閣閣／阁阁
- 閨閣之臣／闺阁之臣
- 阿閣／阿阁
- 飛閣／飞阁
- 館閣／馆阁
- 館閣氣／馆阁气
- 館閣體／馆阁体
- 香閨繡閣／香闺绣阁
- 高閣／高阁
- 鳳閣／凤阁
- 鳳閣龍樓／凤阁龙楼
- 麒麟閣／麒麟阁
- 麟閣／麟阁 (língé)
- 黃閣／黄阁
- 黃閣紫樞／黄阁紫枢
Etymology 2
| trad. | 閣 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 阁* | |
| alternative forms | ||
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koh / kó
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh
- Tâi-lô: koh
- Phofsit Daibuun: koiq
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Singapore): /koʔ³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤʔ³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /koʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó
- Tâi-lô: kó
- Phofsit Daibuun: koir
- IPA (Philippines): /ko⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Philippines)
Note: toneless as a final particle.
Definitions
閣
- (Hokkien) again
- (Hokkien) still; yet
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) also; as well; furthermore; in addition; moreover
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) on the contrary; to the contrary; instead; rather; as a matter of fact
- (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) Emphatic final particle used to make requests
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 又 (“again; once more”)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 又 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 又 |
| Taiwan | 又 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 又 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 又 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 又 |
| Wuhan | 又 | |
| Guilin | 又 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 又 |
| Hefei | 又 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 又, 又試 |
| Hong Kong | 又, 又試 | |
| Yangjiang | 又 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 又 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 又 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 又 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 又, 已 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 復 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣 |
| Quanzhou | 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣 | |
| Zhangzhou | 閣, 閣再, 又閣再, 又閣 | |
| Taipei | 閣 GT, 閣再 GT, 又閣 GT | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再, 又閣 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再 | |
| Chaozhou | 又, 又再 | |
| Shantou | 又 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 再, 又 |
| Suzhou | 亦 | |
| Wenzhou | 亦 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 又 |
| Shuangfeng | 又 | |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |
Dialectal synonyms of 再 (“again”)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 再 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 再 |
| Taiwan | 再 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 再 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 再 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 又, 再 |
| Wuhan | 再 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 再 |
| Hefei | 再 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 再, 添 > |
| Hong Kong | 再, 添 > | |
| Yangjiang | 應 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 再, 湊 > |
| Hakka | Meixian | 再, 添 > |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 再 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 再, 唵 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 再, 蓋, 介 |
| Fuqing | 介 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 閣, 閣再 |
| Quanzhou | 閣, 閣再 | |
| Zhangzhou | 閣, 閣再 | |
| Tainan | 閣, 閣再 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 閣, 閣再, 過再, 閣過再 | |
| Chaozhou | 再 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 又, 再 |
| Suzhou | 再 | |
| Wenzhou | 再, 添 > | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 再 |
| Shuangfeng | 再, 還 | |
| Note | > - used after the object | |
Dialectal synonyms of 還 (“still; yet”)
Dialectal synonyms of 也 (“also, too”)
- (emphatic final particle): (Quanzhou Hokkien) 唷 (ió)
Compounds
Further reading
- “Entry #10941”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
- “閣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
閣
Readings
- Go-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
- Kun: かんぬき (kannuki); たな (tana, 閣); たかどの (takadono, 閣)
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 閣 (MC kak). Recorded as Middle Korean 각 (kak) (Yale: kak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Han character
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