阿荔散

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Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (阿荔散)		阿	荔	散
simp. ^#(阿荔散)		阿	荔	散

Etymology

Phonetic borrowing from Pali, variously in the form of alasanda (Milindapañha) or alasaṇdā (Mahāvaṃsa), or from Gandhari (Pulleyblank, 1999), which in turn derived from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia). Chiefly attested in Buddhist literature. Doublet of 烏弋山離 / 乌弋山离 (Wūyìshānlí), 亚历山大 (Yàlìshāndà).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Ālìsǎn, Ālìsàn

(Zhuyin): ㄚㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄢˇ, ㄚㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄢˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Ālìsǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄚㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Alìsǎn
  - Wade–Giles: A¹-li⁴-san³
  - Yale: Ā-lì-sǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Alihsaan
  - Palladius: Алисань (Alisanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ sän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Ālìsàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄚㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Alìsàn
  - Wade–Giles: A¹-li⁴-san⁴
  - Yale: Ā-lì-sàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Alihsann
  - Palladius: Алисань (Alisanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ sän⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: 'a ljeH|lejH sanX|sanH

Rime
Character	阿	荔	荔	散	散
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	來 (37)	來 (37)	心 (16)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	支 (11)	齊 (39)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III	IV	I	I
Fanqie	烏何切	力智切	郎計切	蘇旱切	蘇旰切
Baxter	'a	ljeH	lejH	sanX	sanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑ/	/liᴇ^H/	/lei^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑ/	/liɛ^H/	/lei^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑ/	/ljɛ^H/	/lɛi^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔa/	/liə̆^H/	/lɛj^H/	/san^X/	/san^H/
Li Rong	/ʔɑ/	/lie^H/	/lei^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Wang Li	/ɑ/	/lǐe^H/	/liei^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔɑ/	/lie̯^H/	/liei^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ē	lì	lì	sǎn	sàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	o¹	lei⁶	lai⁶	saan²	saan³

Proper noun

阿荔散

(historical) Alexandria; Alasanda (a common place name in the Hellenistic world)
- 那先問王：「王本生何國？」王言：「我本生大秦國，國名阿荔散。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  那先问王：「王本生何国？」王言：「我本生大秦国，国名阿荔散。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 4th century, anonymous translator. Bhikkhu Nāgasena Sutta (《那先比丘經》), related to the Milinda Pañha text.
  Nàxiān wèn Wáng: “Wáng běnshēng héguó?” Wáng yán: “Wǒ běnshēng Dàqín guó, guó míng Ālìsàn.”
  Nāgasena asks: "Where was Your Majesty born?" "I was born in Daqin, in a major city named Alexandria," says the King.

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