阿魏
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (阿魏) | 阿 | 魏 | |
| simp. #(阿魏) | 阿 | 魏 | |
| alternative forms | 阿䭳 | ||
Etymology
Borrowed from some unspecified language in the Western Regions.
Attested first in Medieval Chinese, and was reported to have come from the Jia-she-na (< ga-ʑa-na?) (伽闍那) country in Northern India―possibly referring to modern Ghazni in Afghanistan.
Compare Persian انگدان (angodân), انگژد (angožad), Tocharian B aṅkwaṣ, Khotanese aṃgūṣḍa-, Arabic أَنْجُدَان (ʔanjudān), Sanskrit हिङ्गु (hiṅgu), all meaning “asafoetida” and all possibly derived, ultimately, from Proto-Iranian *Hanguǰatu (“asafoetida”), where *ǰátu is “gum” (cf. Modern Persian ژد (žad)) and the first part *Hangwr̥ (“resin”).
This term was discussed in detail in Sino-Iranica. Zhengzhang (2006) points out that the sibilant final in Tocharian B ("Kuchean") aṅkwaṣ matches the tonogenesis of Middle Chinese 去聲／去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”) from Old Chinese in 魏 (MC ngjw+jH) < 魏 (OC *ŋɡuls).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜ ㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ewèi
- Wade–Giles: o1-wei4
- Yale: ē-wèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ewey
- Palladius: эвэй (evɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄚ ㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: awèi
- Wade–Giles: a1-wei4
- Yale: ā-wèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: awey
- Palladius: авэй (avɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: o1 ngai6
- Yale: ō ngaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: o1 ngai6
- Guangdong Romanization: o1 ngei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɔː⁵⁵ ŋɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: a1 ghui7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: a gūi
- Sinological IPA (key): /a³³⁻²³ ɡui¹¹/
- (Teochew)
- Middle Chinese: 'a ngjw+jH
Noun
阿魏
Synonyms
- 形虞 (xíngyú)