除

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

除 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人一木 (NLOMD), four-corner 7829₄, composition ⿰阝余)

Derived characters

• 𪡷, 𢲢, 滁, 𮔲, 蒢, 㾻, 篨, 𭏚, 𢡣

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1352, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41669
• Dae Jaweon: page 1854, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4132, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9664

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 除
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'a, *l'as) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

除

1. to remove; to get rid of; to exclude
2. (archaic) to be assigned to a new post; to stop serving in one post, and begin serving in another
3. (literary, or in compounds) except
4. (arithmetic) to divide; division
5. (arithmetic, informal) to be divided by
6. (Cantonese) to take off (clothes or accessories); to peel off; to strip

   除衫 [Cantonese]  ―  ceoi⁴ saam¹   ―  to undress (literally, “to take off clothes”)

   除鞋 [Cantonese]  ―  ceoi⁴ haai⁴   ―  to take off shoes

   • 搭乘地鐵過程中，請你全程佩戴口罩，唔好除低，車廂內減少交談。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
     搭乘地铁过程中，请你全程佩戴口罩，唔好除低，车厢内减少交谈。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 2020, Guangzhou Metro

     daap³ sing⁴ dei⁶ tit³ gwo³ cing⁴ zung¹, ceng² nei⁵ cyun⁴ cing⁴ pui³ daai³ hau² zaau³, m⁴ hou² ceoi⁴ dai¹, ce¹ soeng¹ noi⁶ gaam² siu² gaau¹ taam⁴.

     Please always wear the mask, and moderate your conversation in the whole ride.

7. (literary, or in compounds) step (on a flight of stairs)
8. a surname: Chu

Usage notes

• A除以B means "A divided by B". A除B means "B divided by A", but in colloquial speech is the same as A除以B.
  • 除 is a transitive verb, and A除B is understood as 用A除B or 以A除B (literally "to divide B by A"), the latter of which is attested in Literary Chinese and likely gave rise to 除以 (chúyǐ). This contrasts with 減／减 (jiǎn), which is an intransitive verb and A減B means "A decreases by B", i.e. "A minus B".

Synonyms

• (to remove):

• (to take off):

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of "to divide"): 乘 (chéng)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

除

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• “除”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. remove
2. except
3. (mathematics) divide

Readings

• Go-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)^{←ぢよ (dyo, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょ (cho)^{←ちよ (tyo, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: じ (ji, Jōyō ^†)^{←ぢ (di, historical)}
• Kun: のぞく (nozoku, 除く, Jōyō); はらう (harau, 除う); わる (waru, 除る); よける (yokeru, 除ける); のける (nokeru, 除ける); つきる (tsukiru, 除きる)

Compounds

• remove
  • 解(かい)除(じょ) (kaijo): cancel
  • 掃(そう)除(じ) (sōji): clean, sweep up
  • 駆(く)除(じょ) (kujo): eradicate
  • 削(さく)除(じょ) (sakujo): delete
• except
  • 除(じょ)外(がい) (jogai): except
  • 免(めん)除(じょ) (menjo): exempt
• divide
  • 除(じょ)数(すう) (josū): divisor
  • 整(せい)除(じょ) (seijo): divide without remainder

Korean

Hanja

除 (eumhun 덜 제 (deol je))

1. Hanja form^? of 덜 (“remove”).

Compounds

• 삭제 (削除, sakje, “deletion”)
• 제명 (除名, jemyeong, “expulsion, delisting”)

Vietnamese

Han character

除: Hán Việt readings: trừ
除: Nôm readings: chừa, chừ, chờ, giờ, trừ, dờ, hờ, khừ, xờ, thờ, dơ

1. chữ Hán form of trừ (“to eliminate; to exclude”).
2. Nôm form of chừa.

References