障害

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
障 害
しょう
Grade: 6 		がい
Grade: 4
on'yomi
Alternative spellings
障碍
障礙
障がい
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Etymology

害 is a daiyōji replacing 碍.

Pronunciation

Noun

障(しょう)害(がい) • (shōgai) ←しやうがい (syaugai)?

  1. impediment, obstacle, handicap

Derived terms

Verb

障(しょう)害(がい)する • (shōgai suru) ←しやうがい (syaugai)?suru (stem 障(しょう)害(がい)し (shōgai shi), past 障(しょう)害(がい)した (shōgai shita))

  1. obstruct

Conjugation

Conjugation of "障害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 障害し しょうがいし shōgai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 障害し しょうがいし shōgai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 障害する しょうがいする shōgai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 障害する しょうがいする shōgai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 障害すれ しょうがいすれ shōgai sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 障害せよ¹
障害しろ² 		しょうがいせよ¹
しょうがいしろ² 		shōgai seyo¹
shōgai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 障害される しょうがいされる shōgai sareru
Causative 障害させる
障害さす 		しょうがいさせる
しょうがいさす 		shōgai saseru
shōgai sasu
Potential 障害できる しょうがいできる shōgai dekiru
Volitional 障害しよう しょうがいしよう shōgai shiyō
Negative 障害しない しょうがいしない shōgai shinai
Negative continuative 障害せず しょうがいせず shōgai sezu
Formal 障害します しょうがいします shōgai shimasu
Perfective 障害した しょうがいした shōgai shita
Conjunctive 障害して しょうがいして shōgai shite
Hypothetical conditional 障害すれば しょうがいすれば shōgai sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Usage notes

This term was originally written as 障(しょう)碍(がい) (shōgai), but replaced by 障(しょう)害(がい) (shōgai) in the national language reform due to 碍(がい) (gai) not listed in 当(とう)用(よう)漢(かん)字(じ) (Tōyō kanji) (Chinese characters for daily use, now replaced by 常(じょう)用(よう)漢(かん)字(じ) (Jōyō kanji)). The character 害(がい) (gai) could also mean harm, so 碍 or がい are often used in place of it to avoid its negative connotation.

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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