雁

Translingual

Han character

雁 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一人人土 (MOOG), four-corner 7121₄, composition ⿸厂倠)

Derived characters

• 贋/赝, 㷳, 𮘻, 𤎝, 𤏚, 𬒡, 軅, 𪆒

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1364, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41960
• Dae Jaweon: page 1868, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4093, character 2
• Unihan data for U+96C1

Chinese

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 雁 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• Anser (bird) (English)

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːns) : phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns) + semantic 人 + semantic 隹.

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”) (tentatively reconstructed); cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:).

Related to 鵝 (OC *ŋaːl, “domestic goose”); both 鵝 and 雁 likely reflect an earlier liquid final (Schuessler, 2007; cf. Baxter and Sagart's reconstruction). Alternatively, it may derive from 鵝 with nominalizing suffix *-n, but this Chinese-internal derivation is problematic in light of the cognates in Tibeto-Burman (Schuessler, 2007; Alves, 2015b); but see Hill (2019) also, as noted in the etymology of 鵝.

Possible relationship with Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”) has been noted by some (Mayrhofer, 1976; Alves, 2015b).

Pronunciation

Definitions

雁

1. wild goose (as opposed to a domesticated goose – 鵝／鹅 (é)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c)
2. ^† Synonym of 鵝／鹅 (é)

   • 故人喜，命豎子殺雁而烹之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     故人喜，命竖子杀雁而烹之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Gùrén xǐ, mìng shùzǐ shā yàn ér pēng zhī.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. ^† Alternative form of 贗／赝 (yàn, “fake; false”)

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Others:

• → Vietnamese: ngan (鴳)

References

• “雁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. wild goose

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)
• Kan-on: がん (gan)
• Kun: かり (kari, 雁)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

雁

Wikipedia ^ja

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 雁 (ngæn^H, “wild goose”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) が​ん (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

雁(がん) or 雁(ガン) • (gan) 

1. wild goose

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Said to be from the cry of a wild goose.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か​り (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

雁(かり) • (kari) 

1. wild goose
2. cry of a wild goose

Derived terms

References

Korean

Hanja

雁 (eumhun 기러기 안 (gireogi an))

1. wild goose, whose skein flies in wedge or cuneiform, in contrast with 鵝 (거위 아, geowi-a), the domestic goose that would not fly at all.

Compounds

• 家雁 (가안, ga-an) domestic goose, literally, house goose.

See also

• 鵝 (거위 아, geowi-a) domesticated goose ^
• 鵠 (고니 곡, goni-gok) swan
• 鳧 (물오리 부, mur-ori-bu) mallard
• 鷺 (해오리 로, hae-ori-ro) heron, egret
• 鶴 (두루미 학, durumi-hak) crane
• 鸛 (한새 관, han-sae-gwan) stork, literally, "big bird"
• 鸛 (황새 관, hwang-sae-gwan) stork, literally, "big bird"

Vietnamese

Han character

雁: Hán Nôm readings: nhạn

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