雷同

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Chinese

thunder
like; same; similar
like; same; similar; together; alike; with
 
trad. (雷同)
simp. #(雷同)

Etymology

The Eastern Han Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan (鄭玄), in his annotations to the Book of Rites (禮記), derived the meaning as "to echo each other in the manner of thunder ", writing that "when a thunderclap strikes, all things resonate (with it) simultaneously" (「雷之發聲,物無不同時應者。」). The original text so commented upon, referring to the proper etiquette when receiving a lecture from an elder, reads

長者不及儳言雷同 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
长者不及儳言雷同 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Zhǎngzhě bùjí, wú chányán. Zhèng ěr róng, tīng bì gōng. Wú jiǎoshuō, wú léitóng.
If there be any subject on which the elder has not touched, let him not introduce it irregularly. Let him keep his deportment correct, and listen respectfully. Let him not appropriate (to himself) the words (of others), nor (repeat them) as (the echo does the) thunder.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (37) (7)
Final () (42) (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter lwoj duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/luʌi/ /duŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/luoi/ /duŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/luɒi/ /duŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lwəj/ /dəwŋ/
Li
Rong
/luᴀi/ /duŋ/
Wang
Li
/luɒi/ /duŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/luɑ̆i/ /dʱuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
léi tóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
leoi4 tung4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
léi tóng
Middle
Chinese
‹ lwoj › ‹ duwng ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.rˁuj/ /*lˁoŋ/
English thunder together, join

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 7707 12446
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ruːl/ /*doːŋ/
Notes

Verb

雷同

(set phrase)

  1. to be identical (when that should not be the case); to mirror each other; to resemble
    雷同純屬巧合 [MSC, trad.]
    雷同纯属巧合 [MSC, simp.]
    Rú yǒu léitóng, chúnshǔ qiǎohé.
    Any resemblance to actual individuals or events is purely coincidental.
  2. to echo what others say; to parrot