雹
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雹 (hyō)
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Translingual
Han character
雹 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月心口山 (MBPRU), four-corner 10712, composition ⿱雨包)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42248
- Dae Jaweon: page 1882, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4061, character 5
- Unihan data for U+96F9
Chinese
| trad. | 雹 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 雹 | |
| alternative forms | 𩅟 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 雹 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 袍 | *buː |
| 袌 | *buː, *buːs |
| 軳 | *buː |
| 抱 | *buːʔ |
| 勽 | *buːs, *mɯnʔ |
| 菢 | *buːs |
| 勹 | *pruː |
| 包 | *pruː |
| 胞 | *pruː, *pʰruː |
| 苞 | *pruː |
| 枹 | *pruː, *bu, *bu |
| 飽 | *pruːʔ |
| 泡 | *pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː |
| 炮 | *pʰruːs, *bruː |
| 皰 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 疱 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 跑 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 咆 | *bruː |
| 庖 | *bruː |
| 匏 | *bruː |
| 刨 | *bruː |
| 狍 | *bruː |
| 炰 | *bruː |
| 鉋 | *bruː, *bruːs |
| 瓟 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 颮 | *bruː, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鞄 | *bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鮑 | *bruːʔ |
| 骲 | *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ |
| 玸 | *bu |
| 雹 | *bruːɡ |
| 窇 | *bruːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bruːɡ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”), whence also 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) (STEDT).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bao4
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bok6
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): dok5-4 / tok5-4 / bok5 / bau1
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): buk6
- Gan (Wiktionary): poh7
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): bau3
- Northern Min (KCR): pāu
- Eastern Min (BUC): pĕ̤k / pâu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6bau; 8boq / 2bau
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pau4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: báo
- Wade–Giles: pao2
- Yale: báu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baur
- Palladius: бао (bao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, rare literary variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bó
- Wade–Giles: po2
- Yale: bwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
- Palladius: бо (bo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bao4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bao
- Sinological IPA (key): /pau²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bok6
- Yale: bohk
- Cantonese Pinyin: bok9
- Guangdong Romanization: bog6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɔːk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: dok5-4 / tok5-4 / bok5 / bau1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔk̚³²⁻²¹/, /tʰɔk̚³²⁻²¹/, /pɔk̚³²/, /pau³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- dok5-4, tok5-4 - vernacular;
- bok5, bau1 - literary.
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: buk6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʊk̚⁵⁵/
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: poh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɔʔ²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pho̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: pog
- Hagfa Pinyim: pog6
- Sinological IPA: /pʰok̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: bau3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pau⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pāu
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰau⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: pĕ̤k / pâu
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰøyʔ⁵/, /pʰɑu²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- pĕ̤k - vernacular;
- pâu - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pha̍uh
- Tâi-lô: pha̍uh
- Phofsit Daibuun: phauh
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰauʔ⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰauʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phàu
- Tâi-lô: phàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: phaux
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰau⁴¹/
- IPA (Yilan): /pʰau²¹/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Kinmen, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phau
- Tâi-lô: phau
- Phofsit Daibuun: phaw
- IPA (Taipei, Kinmen): /pʰau⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phāu
- Tâi-lô: phāu
- Phofsit Daibuun: phau
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pa̍k
- Tâi-lô: pa̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: pak
- IPA (Xiamen): /pak̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k
- Tâi-lô: po̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: pok
- IPA (Xiamen): /pɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Taichung)
Note:
- pha̍uh/phàu/phau/phāu - vernacular;
- pa̍k - literary.
Note:
- tag8 - vernacular;
- bog4, bao6 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: baewk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ˤruk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*bruːɡ/
Definitions
雹
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 冰雹 (“hail”)
Descendants
- ⇒ Zhuang: lwgbag
Compounds
References
- “雹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
雹
Readings
- Go-on: ぼく (boku)
- Kan-on: はく (haku)←はく (faku, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ひょく (hyoku)←ひよく (fyoku, historical)
- Kun: ひょう (hyō, 雹)
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雹 |
| ひょう Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
Perhaps from 氷 (hyō, “ice”) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Noun
Usage notes
This term refers to hail at least 5mm in diameter. Hail smaller than this is referred to as 霰 (arare).
Derived terms
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 雹 (MC baewk).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 빡〮 (Yale: ppák) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 무〮뤼〮 (Yale: mwúlwúy) | 박〮 (Yale: pák) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
Hanja
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Han character
雹: Hán Nôm readings: bạc, bão, boạc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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