霧

Translingual

Han character

霧 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一月弓竹尸 (MBNHS), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿱雨務)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1377, character 36
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42418
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4074, character 15
• Unihan data for U+9727

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moɡs, *moːŋ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 務 (OC *moɡs).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or its allofam *r-məw (“sky; heavens; clouds”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྨུ་བ (rmu ba, “fog”), རྨུགས་པ (rmugs pa, “dense fog”), Burmese မြူ (mru, “minute particle; haze; fog”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

霧

1. fog; mist
2. vapour; fine spray
3. (Hokkien) blurry
4. (Internet slang) A particle placed at the end of a sentence to indicate that the poster is joking. (used with parentheses)

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

• → Proto-Tai: *ʰmoːkᴰ
  • Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ʰmɔːkᴰᴸ¹
    • Thai: หมอก (mɔ̀ɔk)
• → Proto-Vietic: *k-mɔːk
  • Vietnamese: móc
  • Phong: kʰmɔːk⁸

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

霧

1. (Hokkien, Teochew) to spray; to spit (a liquid, often after keeping the liquid in one's mouth)

   Synonyms: 浡, 噴／喷, 濺／溅, 𫝺, 澍

   含血霧天 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
   含血雾天 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

   kâm hoeh bū thiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   to slander people with false accusations

2. (Hokkien) to gush upwards; to overflow from a container

   Synonyms: 浡, 泏, 溢, sōe-teⁿ

   燃滾水的時，鼎蓋若無掀開，滾水就會霧出來。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
   燃滚水的时，鼎盖若无掀开，滚水就会雾出来。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

   Hiâⁿ kún-chúi ê sî, tiáⁿ-kòa nā bô hian--khui, kún-chúi tiō ē bū--chhut-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   When boiling water, if the lid is not lift, the water will overflow.

Usage notes

• (first definition): For the subtle difference between the synonyms, please refer to the usage notes of 澍.
• (second definition): 霧／雾 usually means overflowing due to boiling; 泏 usually means overflowing due to shaking; sōe-teⁿ means dribbling at a spout when it is nearly stopped up; 溢 is used in a general sense.

References

• “Entry #12903”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

霧

1. (Northern Min) Alternative form of 露 (“fog; mist”)

Etymology 4

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぶ (bu)
• Kun: きり (kiri, 霧, Jōyō); きらう (kirau, 霧らう)

Compounds

Noun

霧(きり) • (kiri) 

1. mist, fog
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:

     重霧 下奇利

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1999 March 1, “ウォーター・エレメント [Water Element]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:

     水(みず)に住(す)んでいる精(せい)霊(れい)。まわりを霧(きり)でつつみこみ視(し)界(かい)を奪(うば)う。

     Mizu ni sundeiru seirei. Mawari o kiri de tsutsumikomi shikai o ubau.

     A spirit who lives in the water. She’ll blind you by surrounding you with mist.

Derived terms

See also

• 霞(かすみ) (kasumi)
• 靄(もや) (moya)

References

• Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 霧 (MC mjuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 무〯 (mwǔ) (Yale: mwǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

霧

Wikisource

霧 (eumhun 안개 무 (an'gae mu))

1. Hanja form^? of 무 (“fog; mist”).

Compounds

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

霧: Hán Nôm readings: vụ, mù

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.