露

Translingual

Han character

露 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+12, 21 strokes, cangjie input 一月口一口 (MBRMR), four-corner 1016₄, composition ⿱⻗路)

Derived characters

• 虂 𭍆 𤅟 𤫢 𥸐

See also

• 霧

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1378, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42463
• Dae Jaweon: page 1887, character 38
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4078, character 6
• Unihan data for U+9732

• Unihan data for U+F938

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 露
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡs) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs).

Etymology 1

Possibly a derivative of 落 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ) (Schuessler, 2007) with exopassivising suffix *-s, literally, "what has been dropped".

Pronunciation

Definitions

露

1. dew
2. (Northern Min) fog; mist
3. (literary, or in compounds) fruity beverage; syrup; nectar; juice
4. (literary, or in compounds) cosmetic products made by distilling flowers, fruit or leaves
5. a surname

Synonyms

• (dew):

• (fog):

Etymology 2

Karlgren (1957) considers this to be the same word as etymology 1, yet Schuessler (2007) thinks this may be a separate etymon, comparing it to Jingpho (kra³¹, “to appear, to show”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

露

1. to be in the open; bare; open; exposed
2. (colloquial) to show; to reveal; to expose

Synonyms

• (to show): 顯出／显出 (xiǎnchū)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: る (ru)
• Kan-on: ろ (ro, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: つゆ (tsuyu, 露, Jōyō); あらわす (arawasu, 露す)^{←あらはす (arafasu, 露す, historical)}; あらわれる (arawareru, 露れる)^{←あらはれる (arafareru, 露れる, historical)}
• Nanori: あきら (akira)

Compounds

• 披(ひ)露(ろう) (hirō)
• 露(ロ)西(シ)亜(ア) (Roshia)

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

露

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Dew

Wikipedia

⟨tuyu⟩ → /t͡suju/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つ​ゆ (Atamadaka – )
• (Tokyo) つゆ​ (Odaka – )
• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

露(つゆ) • (tsuyu) 

1. dew, dewdrop
   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 30:

     露　三禮義宗云：「白露八月節、寒露九月節。」音路。白虎通云：「甘露美露也。降則物無不美盛矣。」［和名：豆由］

     Dew - according to Mitsumata no Yoshimune: the hakuro is a solar term in the eighth lunar month, the kanro the ninth. The syllable has the same sound as 路 (ro). The Bai Hu Tong reads: amrita (sweet dew) is a beautiful dew. After descending, there are none that are not beautiful or abundant. (Japanese name: tsuyu)

2. (by extension) a drop or drops of something
3. transience
4. (historical) the threads of the sleeve ends of 狩衣 (kariginu), 水干 (suikan), etc.
5. tears
6. a gratuity, tip
7. (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 豆板銀 (mameitagin) a lump of silver used as currency in the Edo period

Derived terms

Adverb

露(つゆ) • (tsuyu) 

1. not one bit
2. a few, a little

Derived terms

• 露(つゆ)程(ほど)も (tsuyuhodo mo)

Etymology 2

⟨arapa⟩ → /araɸa/ → /arawa/

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with prefix 粗 (ara-, “crude, raw”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あ​らわ (Atamadaka – )
• (Tokyo) あらわ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

露(あらわ) • (arawa) ^{←あらは (arafa)?}-na (adnominal 露(あらわ)な (arawa na), adverbial 露(あらわ)に (arawa ni))

1. naked, bare

   不(ふ)満(まん)をあらわにする

   fuman o arawa ni suru

   to expose/lay bare one's discontent

2. blatant, frank, open
3. made public
4. obvious

Inflection

Derived terms

• 表(あらわ)す (arawasu)
• 現(あらわ)れる (arawareru)

Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese 露 (MC luH).

“Russia”

Short-form of ateji (当て字) spelling 露西亜.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ろ​ (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

Affix

露(ろ) • (ro) 

1. dew, waterdrop
2. transience
3. appear, expose
4. open; in the open

Derived terms

Proper noun

露(ろ) • (ro) 

1. Short for ロシア (Roshia): Russia, Russian

   米(べい)露(ろ)関(かん)係(けい)

   Bei-Ro kankei

   US-Russia relations

Derived terms

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 露 (MC luH). Recorded as Middle Korean 로〯 (lwǒ) (Yale: lwǒ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): ~
• Phonetic hangul:

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

露

Wikisource

露 (eumhun 이슬 로 (iseul ro), South Korea 이슬 노 (iseul no))

1. Hanja form^? of 로/노 (“dew”).
2. Hanja form^? of 로/노 (“open; to reveal; to appear”).
3. Hanja form^? of 로/노 (“Alternative form referring to Russia (in compounds, in news media)”).

Compounds

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): る (ru); るー (rū)
• Kun: ちゆ (chiyu, 露)

Compounds

• 寒(かん)露(る) (kanru)
• 白(はく)露(る) (hakuru), 白(ふぁく)露(る) (fakuru)
• 披露(ふぃるー) (firū)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 露 (tsuyu).

Pronunciation

• (Shuri-Naha) ちゆ (Heiban - )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

露(ちゆ) (chiyu) 

1. a dew, dewdrop

Derived terms

• 夜(ゆ)露(ちゆ) (yuchiyu)

References

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *tuyu.

Noun

露 (tuyu) (kana つゆ)

1. a dew, dewdrop
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4318:
     , text here

     安伎能野爾都由於弊流波疑乎多乎良受弖安多良佐可里乎須具之弖牟登香

     aki₁ no₂ no₁ ni tuyu ope₁ru pagi₂ wo taworazute atara sakawi wo sugusitemu₂ to ka

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

• Japanese: 露 (tsuyu)

Etymology 2

Cognate with prefix 粗 (ara-, “crude, raw”).

Adjective

露 (arapa) (kana あらは)

1. naked, bare
   • 720, Nihon Shoki, (Age of the gods, part 2):

     顯露、此云阿羅播弐。齋庭、此云踰弐波。

     Bare, read as arapa ni (modern arawa ni); holy ground, read as yunipa (modern yuniwa)

Derived terms

• 表す (arapasu)
• 現る (araparu)
• 現ろ (araparo₁, Eastern Old Japanese form of araparu)

Descendants

• Japanese: 露, 顕 (arawa)

Vietnamese

Han character

露: Hán Nôm readings: lộ

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