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靉靆. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
靉靆, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
靉靆 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
靉靆 you have here. The definition of the word
靉靆 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
靉靆, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Chinese
Pronunciation
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
靉
|
靆
|
Reading #
|
1/2
|
1/1
|
No.
|
4
|
7956
|
Phonetic component
|
愛
|
隶
|
Rime group
|
隊
|
隊
|
Rime subdivision
|
1
|
1
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
愛
|
代
|
Old Chinese
|
/*qɯːds/
|
/*l'ɯːds/
|
Notes
|
|
見楚辭遠遊
|
Etymology 1
Native reduplicative ideophone.
Adjective
靉靆
- (literary, ideophonic, of clouds) thick
- (literary, ideophonic, of the sky) gloomy; dark; cloudy
Derived terms
Etymology 2
The template Template:zh-psm does not use the parameter(s): notext=1
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Phono-semantic matching of a word from an unidentified foreign language (pronounced ai-dai, ai-na, etc.), since the 15th century CE (Chiu, 1936). Frequently cited etymons are Arabic عُوَيْنات (ʕuwaynāt), الْعُوَيْنات (al-ʕuwaynāt, “spectacles”, literally “little eyes”) and Persian عینک ('eynak, “spectacles”), both derived from Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “eye”) (Chiu, 1936; Needham, 1962: 118–121; Hong, 1994; Chiu, 2015).
Semantically, the sense “eyeglasses” was associated with Etymology 1, the interpretation being that eyeglasses are what cover the eyes to allow one to see more clearly, akin to the way clouds cover the sky, according to Liuqing rizha (《留青日札》, 1573 CE) by Ming-dynasty scholar Tian Yiheng.
Noun
靉靆
- (literary, obsolete) eyeglasses; spectacles
靉靆如大錢……色如雲母。老人目力昏倦,不辨細書,以此掩目。精神不散,筆畫倍明。……出於西域滿利國。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
叆叇如大钱……色如云母。老人目力昏倦,不辨细书,以此掩目。精神不散,笔画倍明。……出于西域满利国。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: 16th century, Tian Yiheng (田藝蘅), 《留青日札》
- Àidài rú dàqián...... Sè rú yúnmǔ. Lǎorén mùlì hūnjuàn, bù biàn xìshū, yǐ cǐ yǎn mù. Jīngshén bù sàn, bǐhuà bèi míng....... Chū yú Xīyù Mǎnlìguó.
- Ai-tai resemble big coins and their color is like talc. When eyes of old people are dizzy and tired, and cannot read fine print, they put ai-tai over their eyes, then their concentration will not be dispersed and the strokes of the characters will appear doubly clear. Ai-tai come from Malacca in the West .
- alt. forms: 僾逮/𫣊逮, 矮納/矮纳
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
眼鏡 (“eyeglasses”)
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Classical Chinese
|
靉靆, 眼鏡
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
眼鏡
|
Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子
|
Taiwan
|
眼鏡
|
Chengde
|
眼鏡兒
|
Chifeng
|
眼鏡兒, 鏡子
|
Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
眼鏡
|
Heihe
|
眼鏡兒
|
Qiqihar
|
眼鏡, 鏡子
|
Harbin
|
眼鏡兒, 鏡子
|
Jiamusi
|
眼鏡兒, 鏡子
|
Baicheng
|
眼鏡兒
|
Changchun
|
眼鏡兒
|
Tonghua
|
眼鏡兒
|
Shenyang
|
眼鏡兒, 鏡子
|
Jinzhou
|
眼鏡兒, 鏡子
|
Malaysia
|
眼鏡
|
Singapore
|
眼鏡
|
Jilu Mandarin
|
Tianjin
|
眼鏡兒
|
Tangshan
|
眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子
|
Cangzhou
|
眼鏡兒
|
Baoding
|
眼鏡兒
|
Shijiazhuang
|
眼鏡兒
|
Lijin
|
眼鏡, 鏡子
|
Jinan
|
眼鏡子, 鏡子
|
Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Dalian
|
眼鏡兒
|
Dandong
|
眼鏡兒
|
Yantai
|
眼鏡
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
眼鏡
|
Qingdao
|
眼鏡
|
Zhucheng
|
眼鏡
|
Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
眼鏡兒, 二餅兒 derogatory
|
Lingbao
|
眼鏡
|
Jining
|
眼鏡
|
Wanrong
|
眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 二柄子 derogatory
|
Linfen
|
眼鏡兒
|
Shangqiu
|
眼鏡兒
|
Yuanyang
|
眼鏡
|
Zhengzhou
|
眼鏡
|
Xinyang
|
眼鏡兒
|
Baihe
|
眼鏡, 眼鏡子
|
Xi'an
|
眼鏡, 眼鏡兒
|
Baoji
|
眼鏡
|
Tianshui
|
眼鏡
|
Xining
|
眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子, 眼鏡兒子
|
Xuzhou
|
眼鏡, 二餅 humorous
|
Fuyang
|
眼鏡, 鏡子
|
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
眼鏡子
|
Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
眼鏡, 眼鏡兒
|
Lanzhou
|
眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子, 鏡子, 二軲轆 humorous
|
Dunhuang
|
眼鏡子
|
Hami
|
眼鏡
|
Ürümqi
|
眼鏡子, 鏡子
|
Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
眼鏡兒, 眼鏡
|
Nanchong
|
眼鏡兒
|
Dazhou
|
眼鏡兒, 鏡子
|
Hanyuan
|
眼鏡, 眼鏡子
|
Xichang
|
眼鏡
|
Zigong
|
眼鏡兒
|
Chongqing
|
眼鏡兒
|
Wuhan
|
眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 玻璃 humorous
|
Yichang
|
眼鏡
|
Xiangyang
|
眼鏡, 鏡子
|
Tianmen
|
眼鏡
|
Guiyang
|
眼鏡
|
Zunyi
|
眼鏡
|
Bijie
|
眼鏡
|
Liping
|
眼鏡
|
Zhaotong
|
眼鏡
|
Dali
|
眼鏡
|
Kunming
|
眼鏡
|
Mengzi
|
眼鏡
|
Guilin
|
眼鏡
|
Liuzhou
|
眼鏡
|
Jishou
|
眼鏡
|
Changde
|
眼鏡
|
Hanzhong
|
眼鏡子
|
Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
眼鏡, 二餅 humorous
|
Yangzhou
|
眼鏡子
|
Lianyungang
|
眼鏡
|
Lianshui
|
眼鏡子
|
Nantong
|
眼鏡
|
Anqing
|
眼鏡, 眼睛罩 dated
|
Wuhu
|
眼鏡子
|
Hefei
|
眼鏡子
|
Huanggang
|
眼鏡兒
|
Hong'an
|
眼鏡, 鏡子
|
Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
眼鏡, 眼枷
|
Hong Kong
|
眼鏡
|
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
眼鏡
|
Macau
|
眼鏡
|
Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
眼鏡
|
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
眼鏡
|
Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
眼鏡
|
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
眼鏡
|
Foshan
|
眼鏡
|
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
眼鏡
|
Foshan (Shunde)
|
眼鏡
|
Foshan (Sanshui)
|
眼鏡
|
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
眼鏡
|
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
眼鏡
|
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
眼鏡
|
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
眼鏡
|
Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
眼鏡
|
Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
眼鏡
|
Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
眼鏡
|
Taishan
|
眼鏡
|
Kaiping (Chikan)
|
眼鏡
|
Enping (Niujiang)
|
眼鏡
|
Heshan (Yayao)
|
眼鏡
|
Dongguan
|
眼鏡, 二文錢 dated
|
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
眼鏡
|
Qingyuan
|
眼鏡
|
Fogang
|
眼鏡
|
Yingde (Hanguang)
|
眼鏡
|
Yangshan
|
眼鏡
|
Lianshan (Butian)
|
眼鏡
|
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)
|
眼鏡
|
Shaoguan
|
眼鏡
|
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
眼鏡
|
Renhua
|
眼鏡
|
Lechang
|
眼鏡
|
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
眼鏡
|
Sihui
|
眼鏡
|
Guangning
|
眼鏡
|
Deqing
|
眼鏡
|
Huaiji
|
眼鏡
|
Fengkai (Nanfeng)
|
眼鏡
|
Yunfu
|
眼鏡
|
Xinxing
|
眼鏡
|
Luoding
|
眼鏡
|
Yunan (Pingtai)
|
眼鏡
|
Xinyi
|
眼鏡
|
Lianjiang
|
眼鏡
|
Nanning
|
眼鏡
|
Wuzhou
|
眼鏡
|
Yulin
|
眼鏡
|
Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
眼鏡
|
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)
|
眼鏡
|
Singapore (Guangfu)
|
眼鏡
|
Gan
|
Nanchang
|
眼鏡子
|
Lichuan
|
眼鏡
|
Pingxiang
|
眼鏡
|
Hakka
|
Meixian
|
目鏡, 眼鏡
|
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
眼鏡
|
Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
眼鏡
|
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
眼鏡
|
Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
眼鏡
|
Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
眼鏡
|
Wuhua (Changbu)
|
眼鏡
|
Wuhua (Mianyang)
|
眼鏡
|
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
眼鏡
|
Jiexi
|
目鏡
|
Luhe
|
目鏡
|
Changting
|
眼鏡
|
Longyan (Yongding)
|
眼鏡
|
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)
|
目鏡, 眼鏡
|
Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding)
|
眼鏡
|
Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding)
|
目鏡
|
Wuping (Zhongshan)
|
目鏡
|
Liancheng (Peitian)
|
眼鏡
|
Liancheng (Zhongbao)
|
眼鏡
|
Liancheng (Laiyuan)
|
目鏡
|
Yudu
|
眼鏡
|
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
目鏡
|
Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian)
|
目鏡
|
Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian)
|
目鏡
|
Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian)
|
目鏡
|
Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian)
|
目鏡
|
Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian)
|
目鏡
|
Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian)
|
目鏡
|
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)
|
目鏡
|
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)
|
目鏡
|
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
眼鏡
|
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)
|
目鏡
|
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)
|
眼枷仔
|
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)
|
眼枷仔
|
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
目鏡
|
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
目鏡
|
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
目鏡
|
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)
|
目鏡
|
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
目鏡
|
Luchuan (Daqiao)
|
眼鏡
|
Sabah (Longchuan)
|
眼鏡
|
Kuching (Hepo)
|
目鏡
|
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)
|
目鏡
|
Singkawang
|
目鏡
|
Bangkok (Meixian)
|
眼鏡
|
Bangkok (Fengshun)
|
目鏡
|
Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
眼鏡
|
Shexian
|
眼鏡
|
Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
眼鏡
|
Yangyuan
|
眼鏡兒, 鏡子
|
Datong
|
眼鏡兒
|
Xinzhou
|
眼鏡, 二餅子 derogatory
|
Lüliang (Lishi)
|
眼鏡兒
|
Changzhi
|
眼鏡兒
|
Linhe
|
眼鏡
|
Jining
|
眼鏡兒
|
Hohhot
|
眼鏡
|
Erenhot
|
眼鏡兒
|
Pingshan
|
眼鏡子, 鏡子
|
Zhangjiakou
|
眼鏡兒, 鏡子
|
Handan
|
眼鏡
|
Linzhou
|
眼鏡
|
Suide
|
眼鏡
|
Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
眼鏡
|
Songxi
|
眼鏡
|
Jianyang
|
眼鏡
|
Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
眼鏡
|
Fuqing
|
眼鏡
|
Gutian
|
眼鏡
|
Ningde
|
眼鏡
|
Zhouning
|
眼鏡
|
Fuding
|
眼鏡
|
Youxi
|
眼鏡
|
Matsu
|
眼鏡
|
Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
目鏡
|
Quanzhou
|
目鏡
|
Jinjiang
|
目鏡
|
Yongchun
|
目鏡
|
Zhangzhou
|
目鏡
|
Zhao'an
|
目鏡
|
Taipei
|
目鏡
|
Taipei (Wanhua)
|
目鏡
|
New Taipei (Tamsui)
|
目鏡
|
New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
目鏡
|
New Taipei (Pingxi)
|
目鏡
|
Kaohsiung
|
目鏡
|
Kaohsiung (Cijin)
|
目鏡
|
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)
|
目鏡
|
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)
|
目鏡
|
Kaohsiung (Tianliao)
|
目鏡
|
Yilan
|
目鏡
|
Yilan (Luodong)
|
目鏡
|
Yilan (Toucheng)
|
目鏡
|
Changhua (Lukang)
|
目鏡
|
Taichung
|
目鏡
|
Taichung (Wuqi)
|
目鏡
|
Tainan
|
目鏡
|
Tainan (Anping)
|
目鏡
|
Taitung
|
目鏡
|
Hsinchu
|
目鏡
|
Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)
|
目鏡
|
Penghu (Magong)
|
目鏡
|
Penghu (Xiyu)
|
目鏡
|
Penang (Hokkien)
|
目鏡
|
Singapore (Hokkien)
|
目鏡
|
Manila (Hokkien)
|
目鏡
|
Longyan
|
目鏡
|
Zhangping (Yongfu)
|
目鏡
|
Datian
|
眼鏡
|
Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
眼鏡
|
Chaozhou
|
目鏡
|
Shantou
|
目鏡
|
Shantou (Chenghai)
|
目鏡
|
Shantou (Chaoyang)
|
目鏡
|
Jieyang
|
目鏡
|
Haifeng
|
目鏡
|
Phnom Penh (Teochew)
|
目鏡
|
Singapore (Teochew)
|
目鏡
|
Leizhou
|
目鏡
|
Wenchang
|
目鏡
|
Haikou
|
目鏡
|
Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
目鏡
|
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)
|
目鏡
|
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)
|
目鏡
|
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)
|
目鏡
|
Xianyou
|
目鏡
|
Xianyou (Fengting)
|
目鏡
|
Xianyou (Youyang)
|
目鏡
|
Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
眼鏡, 目鏡
|
Sanming (Shaxian)
|
目鏡
|
Shaojiang Min
|
Shaowu
|
眼鏡
|
Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
眼鏡
|
Zhongshan (Sanxiang)
|
目鏡
|
Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
眼鏡, 眼枷
|
Northern Pinghua
|
Guilin (Dahe)
|
眼鏡子
|
Waxiang
|
Yuanling (Shaojiwan)
|
眼鏡
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
眼鏡, 托力克
|
Shanghai (Chongming)
|
眼鏡
|
Suzhou
|
眼鏡
|
Danyang
|
眼鏡子
|
Hangzhou
|
眼鏡兒
|
Ningbo
|
蔡眼
|
Wenzhou
|
眼鏡, 眼視鏡
|
Jinhua
|
眼鏡
|
Xiang
|
Changsha
|
眼鏡
|
Loudi
|
眼鏡
|
Quanzhou
|
眼鏡
|
Xiangnan Tuhua
|
Jiangyong
|
眼鏡
|
Descendants
Japanese
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 靉靆 (MC 'ojH dojH).
The “eyeglasses” sense is a borrowing of Mandarin 靉靆/叆叇 (àidài).
Pronunciation
Adjective
靉靆 • (aitai) †-tari (adnominal 靉靆とした (aitai to shita) or 靉靆たる (aitai taru), adverbial 靉靆と (aitai to) or 靉靆として (aitai to shite))
- (of clouds) cloudy, dark
- (of feelings) dark, gloomy
Inflection
Stem forms
|
Irrealis (未然形)
|
靉靆たら |
あいたいたら |
aitaitara
|
Continuative (連用形)
|
靉靆と 靉靆たり |
あいたいと あいたいたり |
aitaito aitaitari
|
Terminal (終止形)
|
靉靆たり |
あいたいたり |
aitaitari
|
Attributive (連体形)
|
靉靆たる |
あいたいたる |
aitaitaru
|
Realis (已然形)
|
靉靆たれ |
あいたいたれ |
aitaitare
|
Imperative (命令形)
|
靉靆たれ |
あいたいたれ |
aitaitare
|
Key constructions
|
Negative
|
靉靆たらず |
あいたいたらず |
aitaitarazu
|
Contrasting conjunction
|
靉靆たれど |
あいたいたれど |
aitaitaredo
|
Causal conjunction
|
靉靆たれば |
あいたいたれば |
aitaitareba
|
Conditional conjunction
|
靉靆たらば |
あいたいたらば |
aitaitaraba
|
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)
|
靉靆たりき |
あいたいたりき |
aitaitariki
|
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)
|
靉靆たりけり |
あいたいたりけり |
aitaitarikeri
|
Adverbial
|
靉靆と |
あいたいと |
aitaito
|
Without auxiliary verb. With auxiliary verb.
|
Noun
靉靆 • (aitai)
- eyeglasses, spectacles
- Synonym: 眼鏡 (megane)
References