靉靆

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See also: 曖曃

Chinese

cloudy; shady
trad. (靉靆)
simp. (叆叇)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Initial () (34) (7)
Final () (41) (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter 'ojH dojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔʌiH/ /dʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔəiH/ /dəiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔɒiH/ /dɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔəjH/ /dəjH/
Li
Rong
/ʔᴀiH/ /dᴀiH/
Wang
Li
/ɒiH/ /dɒiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʔɑ̆iH/ /dʱɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ài dài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
oi3 doi6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 4 7956
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qɯːds/ /*l'ɯːds/
Notes

Etymology 1

Native reduplicative ideophone.

Adjective

靉靆

  1. (literary, ideophonic, of clouds) thick
  2. (literary, ideophonic, of the sky) gloomy; dark; cloudy
Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Phono-semantic matching of a word from an unidentified foreign language (pronounced ai-dai, ai-na, etc.), since the 15th century CE (Chiu, 1936). Frequently cited etymons are Arabic عُوَيْنات (ʕuwaynāt), الْعُوَيْنات (al-ʕuwaynāt, spectacles, literally little eyes) and Persian عینک ('eynak, spectacles), both derived from Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, eye) (Chiu, 1936; Needham, 1962: 118–121; Hong, 1994; Chiu, 2015).

Semantically, the sense “eyeglasses” was associated with Etymology 1, the interpretation being that eyeglasses are what cover the eyes to allow one to see more clearly, akin to the way clouds cover the sky, according to Liuqing rizha (《留青日札》, 1573 CE) by Ming-dynasty scholar Tian Yiheng.

Noun

靉靆

  1. (literary, obsolete) eyeglasses; spectacles
    alt. forms: 僾逮𫣊逮, 矮納矮纳
Synonyms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (靉靆):
  • Japanese: 靉靆(あいたい) (aitai)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
あい
Hyōgai
たい
Hyōgai
kan'on
Alternative spelling
靄靆

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 靉靆 (MC 'ojH dojH).

The “eyeglasses” sense is a borrowing of Mandarin 靉靆叆叇 (àidài).

Pronunciation

Adjective

(あい)(たい) (aitai-tari (adnominal (あい)(たい)とした (aitai to shita) or (あい)(たい)たる (aitai taru), adverbial (あい)(たい) (aitai to) or (あい)(たい)として (aitai to shite))

  1. (of clouds) cloudy, dark
  2. (of feelings) dark, gloomy

Inflection

Noun

(あい)(たい) (aitai

  1. eyeglasses, spectacles
    Synonym: 眼鏡 (megane)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN