非

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

See images of
Radical 175 非

非 (Kangxi radical 175, 非+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 中一尸卜 (LMSY) or 中一卜卜卜 (LMYYY), four-corner 1111₁, composition ⿰⿰三丨⿰丨三(G) or ⿰⿰⿱𠄟㇀丿⿰丨三(HTK) or ⿰⿻⿰𠄟丿㇀⿰丨三(J) or ⿰⿰三丿⿰丨三(V))

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/非
• 俳, 陫, 排, 啡, 徘, 猅, 渄, 悱, 婔, 𨓿, 㫵, 琲, 棑, 毴, 𩇭, 𤊬, 𤗋, 腓, 𤾅, 𥇪, 𪿨, 𥟍, 裶, 𥺘, 緋(绯), 𦖕, 𦩋, 𧍃, 誹(诽), 䠊, 輫, 𮤁, 𡳕, 䤵, 𩋂, 𩎻, 馡, 𡁭, 騑(𬴂), 鯡(鲱), 𪁹, 𬚀
• 剕, 𤿻, 䫍, 𪂞, 𡔭, 𡨰, 菲, 暃, 𣔉, 𭽜, 𥦯, 罪, 𦋛, 𫅪, 𬜞, 𧇁, 霏, 𮫊, 韭, 㐟, 𡌦, 奜, 婓, 𫸝, 𭣻, 棐, 㹃, 猆, 𤦅, 㻗, 𬐤, 𥇖, 𮀦, 𥺟, 斐, 悲, 裴, 蜚, 翡, 輩(辈), 𨛬, 餥, 𪂏, 𧓊, 𧕿, 裵, 䥆, 匪, 厞, 屝, 扉, 痱, 𬏿, 𨵈

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1382, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42585
• Dae Jaweon: page 1894, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4086, character 1
• Unihan data for U+975E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 非
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) - two wings facing opposite directions, meaning "not".

Etymology

非 (OC *pɯj) is the fusion of the negation particle 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) and the copula 惟 (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”), attested in oracle bone inscriptions.

Pronunciation

Definitions

非

1. not be; is not; not

   非常  ―  fēicháng  ―  unusual

   • 臣弒其君，子弒其父，非一朝一夕之故。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     臣弑其君，子弑其父，非一朝一夕之故。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

     Chén shì qí jūn, zǐ shì qí fù, fēi yīzhāoyīxī zhī gù.

     The murder of a ruler by his minister, or of his father by a son, is not the result of the events of one morning or one evening.

   • 子貢曰：「管仲非仁者與？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子贡曰：「管仲非仁者与？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, Wiktionary translation

     Zǐ Gòng yuē: “Guǎn Zhòng fēi rén zhě yú?”

     Zi Gong said, "Guan Zhong, I apprehend, was not a virtuous person."

2. to run counter to; to not conform to

   非法  ―  fēifǎ  ―  illegal

   • 子曰：「非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Fēilǐ wù shì, fēilǐ wù tīng, fēilǐ wù yán, fēilǐ wù dòng.”

     The Master replied, "Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety."

3. (logic) NOT
4. wrong; incorrect

   是非  ―  shìfēi  ―  right and wrong

5. to reproach; to blame

   無可厚非／无可厚非  ―  wúkěhòufēi  ―  to give no cause for criticism

   • 為上則不能愛下，為下則好非其上，是人之一必窮也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     为上则不能爱下，为下则好非其上，是人之一必穷也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Wéi shàng zé bùnéng ài xià, wéi xià zé hào fēi qí shàng, shì rén zhī yī bì qióng yě.

     If, as a superior he cannot love his subordinates, or if, as a subordinate, he likes to reproach his superiors — this is the first case in which a person is sure to suffer.

6. (colloquial) Used to insist on something. to have got to; to simply must

   不行，我非得走。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Bùxíng, wǒ fēi děi zǒu.

   No, I must go.

7. Short for 非洲 (Fēizhōu, “Africa”).

   北非  ―  běifēi  ―  North Africa

8. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 非 (MC pj+j)

Compounds

Descendants

References

• “非”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
• Kun: それる (soreru); そしる (soshiru, 非る); あらず (arazu, 非ず)

Pronunciation

(accent only applies as a noun)

• (Tokyo) ひ​ (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Prefix

非(ひ) • (hi-) 

1. negative prefix: in-, non-, un-

Compounds

• 非情(ひじょう) (hijō): heartlessness
• 非(ひ)常(じょう)口(ぐち) (hijōguchi): emergency exit
• 非常(ひじょう) (hijō): emergency, extraordinary, unusual
• 非難(ひなん) (hinan): criticize, blame, reproach
• 非行(ひこう) (hikō): delinquency, misconduct

Noun

非(ひ) • (hi) 

1. evil, wrong, wrongdoing

   Antonym: 是 (ze)

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 非 (MC pj+j). Recorded as Middle Korean 비 (pi) (Yale: pi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (in 비단 (非但, bidan)):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
• (not; un-; in-; non-; etc.):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

非

Wikisource

非 (eumhun 아닐 비 (anil bi))

1. Hanja form^? of 비 (“not”).
2. Hanja form^? of 비 (“un-; in-; non-”).

Compounds

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

非: Hán Nôm readings: phi

1. chữ Hán form of phi (“not”).
2. chữ Hán form of phi (“un-; in-; non-”).

References