額

Translingual

Han character

額 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十口一月金 (JRMBC), four-corner 3168₆, composition ⿰客頁)

Derived characters

• 𡅅 𪭄 𢹷 𣌔 𥗳 𡿃

Descendants

• 额

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1406, character 40
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43586
• Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4384, character 4
• Unihan data for U+984D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡraːɡ) : phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa-k (“forehead; cockscomb”).

This word is only attested during Han and later. Wang (1982) suggested that it is cognate with 顏 (OC *ŋraːn, “face”), whereas Schuessler (2007) considers it a semantic extension of 詻 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “to face”).

The relationship to Proto-Mon-Khmer *[t₁]ʔah (“forehead”), whence Khmer ថ្ងាស (thngaah), is unclear.

Pronunciation

Definitions

額

1. (anatomy) forehead
2. top part
3. horizontal inscribed board; tablet; plaque
4. amount; quantity; number
5. a surname

Synonyms

• (forehead):

• (top part): 頂部／顶部 (dǐngbù)
• (horizontal inscribed board):

• (amount): 數目／数目 (shùmù)

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

額

1. (Shanghainese) Alternative form of 個／个 (“possessive particle”)

Usage notes

• This is a Mandarin influenced form of the character often used in Shanghainese. Due to 個’s expected pronunciation starting with /k/, it is often mistakenly analysed to be unrelated to this sense.
• This cannot be used in other Northern Wu languages, such as Suzhounese, due to their retention of the /k/ initial.

References

• “額”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

額

1. (Mandarin) Alternative form of 呃 (“an interjection said when hesitating in speech”)

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. forehead
2. amount
3. frame

Readings

• Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku)
• Kan-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
• Kun: ひたい (hitai, 額, Jōyō); ぬか (nuka, 額)

Compounds

• 猫(びょう)額(がく) (byōgaku): cat's forehead, tininess as that of a cat's forehead

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) がく (Heiban – )
• (Tokyo) がく​ (Odaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

額(がく) • (gaku) 

1. framed picture
2. sum, amount

Derived terms

• 額(がく)銘(めい) (gakumei): (swords) an inscription where a blade is shortened and a rectangular metal piece bearing the original inscription is cut out from the removed portion and embedded in the new tang

Etymology 3

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) (Yale: oyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): ~
• Phonetic hangul:

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

額

Wikisource

額 (eumhun 이마 액 (ima aek))

1. Hanja form^? of 액 (“forehead”).
2. Hanja form^? of 액 (“amount”).

Compounds

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

額: Hán Nôm readings: ngạch, nghệch, nghách, nghạch

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