飛び越える

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Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 4

Grade: S
kun'yomi

Etymology

/tobikoju/(grammatical shift) /tobikojeru//tobikoeru/

From Old Japanese.

Compound of 飛び (tobi, jumping, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 飛ぶ (tobu, to jump; to fly)) +‎ 超ゆ (koyu, to go across, earlier form of modern 超える (koeru, to go acoss)).[1]

The 下二段 (shimo nidan, lower bigrade) verb koyu changed to the modern koeru via regular historical processes during roughly the Muromachi period.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「飛び越える
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
飛び越える びこえ
Imperative (命令形) 飛び越えよ びこえ
Key constructions
Passive 飛び越えられる びこえられ
Causative 飛び越えさせる びこえさせ
Potential 飛び越えられる びこえられ
Volitional 飛び越えよう びこえよ
Negative 飛び越えない びこえない
Negative perfective 飛び越えなかった びこえなかった
Formal 飛び越えます びこえま
Perfective 飛び越えた びこえた
Conjunctive 飛び越えて びこえて
Hypothetical conditional 飛び越えれば びこえれば

Verb

()()える (tobikoeruintransitive ichidan (stem ()() (tobikoe), past ()()えた (tobikoeta))

  1. to jump (over)
    (うま)(さく)()()えました
    Uma ga saku o tobikoemashita.
    The horse cleared the fence.

Conjugation

See also

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN