餘

Translingual

Alternative forms

• In Japanese kyūjitai and Korean hanja, this character is written with the left component 𩙿 which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
• In traditional Chinese and Vietnamese Nôm, the left component is written 飠 instead.

Han character

餘 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+7, 15 strokes in Chinese, 16 strokes in Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 人戈人一木 (OIOMD), four-corner 8879₄, composition ⿰飠余(GHTV) or ⿰𩙿余(JK))

Derived characters

• 𬉣, 𮣧, 𧃋

Related characters

• 余 (Japanese shinjitai and simplified Chinese) - Note that 余 and 餘 are unrelated in traditional Chinese
• 馀 (Non-standard form in mainland China. Only used when it is desirable to distinguish 餘 from 余)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1420, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44185
• Dae Jaweon: page 1945, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4456, character 9
• Unihan data for U+9918

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 餘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la) : semantic 食 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

餘

1. to remain; to have left
2. time after an event

   公餘／公余  ―  gōngyú  ―  spare time; free time (literally, “time outside work”)

   痛心之餘／痛心之余  ―  tòngxīn zhī yú  ―  when recovered from grief

3. over; more than

   四十餘人／四十余人  ―  sìshí yú rén  ―  forty-odd people

4. surplus; remainder; excess

   年年有餘／年年有余  ―  niánniányǒuyú  ―  to have a surplus year after year

5. remaining; spare; surplus

   餘額／余额  ―  yú'é  ―  remaining sum; balance

   餘生／余生  ―  yúshēng  ―  remainder of one's life; one's remaining years

6. (obsolete) Alternative form of 余 (“I”)
7. (obsolete) salt
8. a surname: Yu

Usage notes

In simplified Chinese, 馀 is a non-standard form of 餘 only used as a surname or when it is desirable to distinguish 餘 from 余. 馀 was formerly official in 简化字总表 (1964); this character was removed in 通用规范汉字表 (2013).

In traditional Chinese, the surnames 餘 and 余 are distinct, with the latter being much more common among the population.

Synonyms

• (to remain):

• (over): (Hokkien, Teochew) 外

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

餘

1. Only used in 緒餘／绪余 (xùyú).

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 余)

1. Kyūjitai form of 余.
2. (rare) be left over

Readings

• On (unclassified): よ (yo)
• Kun: あまる (amaru)

Usage notes

余 is the preferred form used in modern Japanese.

Korean

Hanja

餘 (eumhun 남을 여 (nameul yeo))

1. Hanja form^? of 여 (“remainder”).

Compounds

• 잉여 (剩餘, ing'yeo, “surplus; overplus; remainder”)
• 잔여 (殘餘, janyeo, “remains; remnants; residue”)

Vietnamese

Han character

餘: Hán Nôm readings: dư, thừa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation