香る

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
香
かお
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
薫る
馨る (rare)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] No Ryukyuan cognates exist.

Given the Old Japanese spelling kaworu, this can be analyzable as a compound of Old Japanese elements 香 (ka, “fragrance”) +‎ 居る (oru ← woru, “to have, to exist”).

Pronunciation

Verb

香(かお)る • (kaoru) ←かをる (kaworu)?intransitive godan (stem 香(かお)り (kaori), past 香(かお)った (kaotta))

  1. have a fragrance or pleasant scent, be fragrant
  2. to smell good
  3. to be beautiful of the face (especially the eyes)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "香る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 香ら かおら kaora
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 香り かおり kaori
Shūshikei ("terminal") 香る かおる kaoru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 香る かおる kaoru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 香れ かおれ kaore
Meireikei ("imperative") 香れ かおれ kaore
Key constructions
Passive 香られる かおられる kaorareru
Causative 香らせる
香らす 		かおらせる
かおらす 		kaoraseru
kaorasu
Potential 香れる かおれる kaoreru
Volitional 香ろう かおろう kaorō
Negative 香らない かおらない kaoranai
Negative continuative 香らず かおらず kaorazu
Formal 香ります かおります kaorimasu
Perfective 香った かおった kaotta
Conjunctive 香って かおって kaotte
Hypothetical conditional 香れば かおれば kaoreba
Classical conjugation of "香る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 香ら かをら kawora
Continuative (連用形) 香り かをり kawori
Terminal (終止形) 香る かをる kaworu
Attributive (連体形) 香る かをる kaworu
Realis (已然形) 香れ かをれ kawore
Imperative (命令形) 香れ かをれ kawore
Key constructions
Negative 香らず かをらず kaworazu
Contrasting conjunction 香れど かをれど kaworedo
Causal conjunction 香れば かをれば kaworeba
Conditional conjunction 香らば かをらば kaworaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 香りき かをりき kaworiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 香りけり かをりけり kaworikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 香りつ かをりつ kaworitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 香りぬ かをりぬ kaworinu
Perfect-continuative tense 香れり
香りたり		 かをれり
かをりたり		 kaworeri
kaworitari
Volitional 香らむ かをらむ kaworamu

References

  1. ^ “薫・香”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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