鬼方
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Chinese
| ghost; sly; crafty | square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (鬼方) | 鬼 | 方 | |
| simp. #(鬼方) | 鬼 | 方 | |
Etymology
First attested in the Shang period's Oracle Bones (Anderson, 2015; Khayutina, 2016).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄈㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Guěifang
- Wade–Giles: Kuei3-fang1
- Yale: Gwěi-fāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Goeifang
- Palladius: Гуйфан (Gujfan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gwai2 fong1
- Yale: gwái fōng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwai2 fong1
- Guangdong Romanization: guei2 fong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Middle Chinese: kjw+jX pjang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-ʔujʔ C-paŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kulʔ paŋ/
Proper noun
鬼方
- Guifang (a northern people that fought against the Shang Dynasty; possibly identical with 赤狄 (Chìdí, “Red Di”)'s leaders who bore the surname 隗 (Kuí).
Further reading
- Theobald, Ulrich. (2012). "Di 狄" ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art
- Anderson, Matthew Mccutchen. (2015). "Change and Standardization in Anyang: Writing and Culture in Bronze Age China". Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1589
- Khayutina, Maria. (2016). "The Tombs of the Rulers of Peng and Relationships between Zhou and Northern Non-Zhou Lineages (Until the Early Ninth Century B.C.)" in Shaughnessy, Edward L. (ed.) Imprints of Kinship: Studies of Recently Discovered Bronze Inscriptions from Ancient China Publisher: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. pp. 71-132