鵝

	Old Chinese
莪	*ŋaːl
哦	*ŋaːl
娥	*ŋaːl
峨	*ŋaːl
峩	*ŋaːl
鵝	*ŋaːl
俄	*ŋaːl
蛾	ŋaːl, ŋralʔ
睋	*ŋaːl
涐	*ŋaːl
誐	*ŋaːl
硪	ŋaːl, ŋaːlʔ
我	*ŋaːlʔ
騀	*ŋaːlʔ
餓	*ŋaːls
義	*ŋrals
儀	*ŋral
轙	ŋral, ŋralʔ
檥	ŋral, ŋralʔ
蟻	*ŋralʔ
艤	*ŋralʔ
礒	*ŋralʔ
羛	ŋralʔ, hŋral
議	*ŋrals
犧	*hŋral
曦	*hŋral
羲	*hŋral

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ) + semantic 鳥.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”); cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:). However, the final consonants of the proposed cognates are possibly irreconcilable; they could instead be independently coined through onomatopoeia (Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).

Related to 雁 (OC *ŋraːns, “wild goose”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): é (e²)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): o²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ңә (ŋə, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngo⁴, ngo^4-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngo³, ngo^3*
Gan (Wiktionary): ngo⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngò

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngo²
Jin (Wiktionary): ghe¹
Northern Min (KCR): ngṳê
Eastern Min (BUC): ngiè / ngò̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gô / giâ / ngô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): gho⁵

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ngo⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶ngu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngo² / o²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: é
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: é
  - Wade–Giles: o²
  - Yale: é
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: o²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: o
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /o²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ңә (ŋə, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngo⁴, ngo^4-2
  - Yale: ngòh, ngó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴, ngo^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴, ngo^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹/, /ŋɔː²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngo³, ngo^3*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡᵘɔ²²/, /ᵑɡᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ngo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngò
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngoˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngo²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngo²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ghe¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɣɤ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyɛ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiè / ngò̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋie⁵³/, /ŋo⁵³/

Note:

ngiè - vernacular;
ngò̤ - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
  - Tâi-lô: gô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
  - IPA (Tainan): /ɡɤ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Yilan): /ɡo²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâ
  - Tâi-lô: giâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giaa
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /ɡia²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡia¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
  - Tâi-lô: ngôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/

Note:

Mainland:
- giâ - vernacular;
- gô/ngô͘ - literary.
Taiwan:
- gô/giâ - vernacular;
- ngô͘ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gho⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gô
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡo⁵⁵/
(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: ngo⁵
- Sinological IPA: /ŋɔ²²/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶ngu
  - MiniDict: ngu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋu²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ngo² / o²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo¹³/, /o¹³/

Middle Chinese: nga

Rime
Character	鵝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五何切
Baxter	nga
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋa/
Li Rong	/ŋɑ/
Wang Li	/ŋɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	é
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngo⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鵝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	é
Middle Chinese	‹ nga ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋˁa/
English	goose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鵝
Reading #	1/1
No.	13034
Phonetic component	我
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	莪
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːl/

Definitions

鵝

domestic goose (as opposed to a wild goose – 雁 (yàn)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鵝 (“domestic goose”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鵝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鵝
Mandarin	Beijing	鵝
	Taiwan	鵝
	Chifeng	鵝子
	Harbin	鵝, 鵝子
	Shenyang	鵝
	Yantai (Muping)	鵝
	Jinan	鵝
	Luoyang	鵝
	Zhengzhou	鵝
	Xi'an	鵝
	Yinchuan	鵝
	Lanzhou	鵝
	Xining	鵝
	Ürümqi	鵝
	Wuhan	鵝
	Chengdu	鵝, 鵝兒
	Guiyang	鵝
	Kunming	鵝
	Liuzhou	鵝
	Xuzhou	鵝
	Yangzhou	鵝, 鵝子
	Nanjing	鵝
	Hefei	鵝
	Nantong	鵝兒
	Singapore	鵝
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	鵝
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鵝
	Hong Kong	鵝
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	鵝
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	鵝
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	鵝
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	鵝
	Macau	鵝
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	鵝
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	鵝
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	鵝
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	鵝
	Foshan	鵝
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	鵝
	Foshan (Shunde)	鵝
	Foshan (Sanshui)	鵝
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	鵝
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	鵝
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	鵝
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	鵝
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	鵝
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	鵝
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	鵝
	Taishan	鵝
	Kaiping (Chikan)	鵝
	Enping (Niujiang)	鵝
	Heshan (Yayao)	鵝
	Dongguan	鵝
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	鵝
	Shaoguan	鵝
	Yunfu	鵝
	Yangjiang	鵝
	Xinyi	鵝
	Lianjiang	鵝
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	鵝
	Singapore (Guangfu)	鵝
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	鵝
Gan	Nanchang	鵝
	Lichuan	草鴨
	Pingxiang	鵝
Hakka	Meixian	鵝
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	鵝
	Huidong (Daling)	鵝
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	鵝
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	鵝
	Conghua (Lütian)	鵝
	Yudu	鵝
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	鵝仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	鵝仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	鵝仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	鵝
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	鵝仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	鵝
	Hong Kong	鵝
	Senai (Huiyang)	鵝
	Singkawang	鵝
Huizhou	Jixi	鵝
Jin	Taiyuan	鵝
	Pingyao	鵝
	Xinzhou	鵝
	Hohhot	鵝
Northern Min	Jian'ou	鵝
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	鵝
	Fuqing	家鵝, 鵝
	Matsu	鵝
Southern Min	Xiamen	鵝
	Quanzhou	鵝
	Jinjiang	鵝
	Taipei	鵝
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	鵝
	Kaohsiung	鵝仔
	Yilan	鵝仔
	Kinmen	鵝
	Penghu (Magong)	鵝
	Penang (Hokkien)	鵝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	鵝
	Manila (Hokkien)	鵝
	Chaozhou	鵝
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	鵝
	Singapore (Teochew)	鵝
	Leizhou	鵝
	Haikou	鵝
Puxian Min	Putian	鵝
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	鵝
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	鵝
Shehua	Fu'an	鵝
	Fuding	赤鵝
	Luoyuan	赤鵝
	Sanming	鵝
	Shunchang	赤鵝
	Guixi (Zhangping)	鵝
	Cangnan	赤鵝
	Jingning	赤鵝
	Lishui	赤鵝
	Longyou	赤鵝
	Chaozhou	鵝
	Fengshun	鵝
Wu	Shanghai	鵝, 白烏龜, 戇
	Shanghai (Chongming)	鵝, 白烏龜
	Suzhou	鵝, 白烏龜
	Wuxi	戇鵝, 高頭
	Danyang	鵝, 白烏龜
	Hangzhou	鵝
	Ningbo	鵝, 戇戇鵝 childish
	Wenzhou	雁鵝, 鵝
	Jinhua	鵝
Xiang	Changsha	鵝
	Loudi	鵝
	Shuangfeng	鵝

Compounds

Descendants

→ Guiqiong: wo

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04732
“鵝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

鵝

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Alternative form of 鵞: goose

Readings

Go-on: が (ga)
Kan-on: が (ga)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

鵝 • (a) (hangeul 아)

(거위 아, geowi-): domesticated goose that would not fly at all, in contrast with the wild goose (雁 (기러기 안, gireogi-an)) whose skein flies in wedge or cuneiform.
(기러기 아, gireogi-): wild goose
- 그려기 올히는 기리 헤요미 맛당하니 : 鵝鴨宜長數 <杜詩諺解, 1481, 7:9>

Synonyms

鴻 (큰 기러기 홍, keun-gireogi-hong) big greylag goose
雁 (기러기 안, gireogi-an) wild goose, greylag goose
家雁 (가안, ga-an) literally, domestic or house goose

Compounds

天鵝 (천아, cheon-a) swan

References

^ 남광우 교학고어사전, 서울, 1997, p. 169.

Vietnamese

Han character

鵝: Hán Nôm readings: nga, ngỗng, ngổng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] 남광우 교학고어사전, 서울, 1997, p. 169.

鵝

Contents

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

Synonyms

Compounds

See also

References

Vietnamese

Han character

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia