黃河
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See also: 黄河
Chinese
| yellow | river | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (黃河) | 黃 | 河 | |
| simp. (黄河) | 黄 | 河 | |
Etymology
The large amount of sand in the river makes the river appear yellow.
Earliest extant authentic attestions of 黃河 are in Pei Songzhi's Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms :
- 《魏氏春秋》載紹檄州郡文曰：「……大軍汎黃河以角其前，荊州下宛葉而犄其後……」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: Pei Songzhi, Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 5th century CE
- “Wèishì Chūnqiū” zǎi Shào xí zhōujùn wén yuē: “...... Dàjūn fàn Huánghé yǐ jué qí qián, Jīngzhōu xià wǎn yè ér jī qí hòu......”
- In Weishi Chunqiu, (Yuan) Shao's exhortation to the provinces and commanderies is recorded thus: “ my main armies sail across the Yellow River to assail his (Cao Cao's) front, and the Jing province's troops descend on Wan and Ye to attack his rear, ”
《魏氏春秋》载绍檄州郡文曰：「……大军泛黄河以角其前，荆州下宛叶而犄其后……」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]- 《獻帝傳》曰：……授臨濟歎曰：「上盈其志，下務其功，悠悠黃河，吾其反乎？」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: Pei Songzhi, Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 5th century CE
- “Xiàndì zhuàn” yuē:...... Shòu lín jì tàn yuē: “Shàng yíng qí zhì, xià wù qí gōng, yōuyōu Huánghé, wú qí fǎn hū?”
- In Account of Emperor Xian, it's said: (Ju) Shou looked over the ford, sighed, and said: “Above filled with ambition, below obsessed with achievements. O everlasting Yellow River, shall I return?”
《献帝传》曰：……授临济叹曰：「上盈其志，下务其功，悠悠黄河，吾其反乎？」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
Lee (2004) and Hargett (2021) propose that the earliest occurrence of 黃河 is in Book of Han 16.527 ;[1][2] yet Wang Niansun (王念孫) (1831) stated that the letter 黃 there was a later interpolation.[3]
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wong4 ho4
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): vong3 ho3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Vòng-hò
- Eastern Min (BUC): Uòng-ò̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6waon-wu6 / 2waon-ghou2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Huáng Hé
- Wade–Giles: Huang2 Ho2
- Yale: Hwáng Hé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Hwang Her
- Palladius: Хуан Хэ (Xuan Xɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: Хуонхә (Huonhə, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuɑŋ²⁴ xə²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: wong4 ho4
- Yale: wòhng hòh
- Cantonese Pinyin: wong4 ho4
- Guangdong Romanization: wong4 ho4
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɔːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: vong3 ho3
- Sinological IPA (key): /vɔŋ²² hᵘɔ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Vòng-hò
- Hakka Romanization System: vongˇ hoˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: vong2 ho2
- Sinological IPA: /voŋ¹¹ ho¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: Uòng-ò̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ (Ø-)ŋo⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hông-hô
- Tâi-lô: Hông-hô
- Phofsit Daibuun: honghooi
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ûiⁿ-hô
- Tâi-lô: Uînn-hô
- Phofsit Daibuun: vui'hooi
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /uĩ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ng5 ho5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: n̂g hô
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: hwang ha
Proper noun
黃河
- the Yellow River
- 黃河洋洋，悠悠之魚，臨津不濟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 3rd century, 孔叢子 (Kǒngcóngzǐ) (The Many Kong Family Master's Anthology), attributed to 孔鮒 (Kong Fu)
- Huánghé yángyáng, yōuyōu zhī yú, lín jīn bù jì.
- The Yellow River is spacious; its fishes are numerous; I came to the ford yet did not cross.
黄河洋洋，悠悠之鱼，临津不济。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 君不見黃河之水天上來，奔流到海不復回。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 752, 李白 (Li Bai), 將進酒
- Jūn bùjiàn Huánghé zhī shuǐ tiānshàng lái, bēnliú dào hǎi bù fùhuí.
- Have you not seen that the waters of the Yellow River come from the sky, surging into the ocean, never to return again.
君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
- 河 (hé) (archaic)
Derived terms
Descendants
Others:
- → Arabic: خْوَانْغْخِي (ḵwānḡḵī), هْوَانْغْهِي (hwānḡhī), اَلنَّهْر اَلْأَصْفَر (an-nahr al-ʔaṣfar) (calque)
- → Armenian: Հուանհե (Huanhe)
- → Czech: Chuang-che, Žlutá řeka (calque)
- → Dutch: Hoangho, Gele Rivier (calque)
- → English: Huang He, Huang Ho, Hwang Ho, Yellow River (calque)
- → Finnish: Keltainenjoki (calque)
- → French: Huang He, Houang-Ho, fleuve Jaune (calque)
- → German: Huang He, Gelber Fluss (calque)
- → Greek: Κίτρινος Ποταμός (Kítrinos Potamós) (calque)
- → Hindi: ह्वांगहो (hvāṅgho)
- → Hungarian: Sárga-folyó (calque)
- → Italian: Huang He, Fiume Giallo (calque)
- → Korean: 황허 (Hwangheo)
- → Malay: Sungai Kuning (calque)
- ⇒ Manchu: ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ
ᡥᠣ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (hūwang ho bira) - → Mongolian: Шар мөрөн (Šar mörön) (calque)
- → Mangghuer: xira muroon (calque)
- → Persian: رود زرد (calque)
- → Polish: Rzeka Żółta (calque)
- → Portuguese: Huang He, Rio Amarelo (calque)
- → Russian: Хуанхэ́ (Xuanxɛ́), Жёлтая река́ (Žóltaja reká) (calque)
- → Spanish: Huang He, río Amarillo (calque)
- → Tagalog: Ilog na Dilaw (calque)
- → Uyghur: سېرىق دەريا (sëriq derya) (calque)
- ⇒ Zhuang: Dahvangzhoz
See also
References
- ^ 李传军 (Li Chuanjun) (2004). "黄河之名始于汉代 (The Appellation of the Yellow River Originated from Western Han)". 中国科学史料 (The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and technology). 25 (4): 330–332.
- ^ Hargett, James (April 2021). "Anchors of Stability: Place-Names in Early China". Sino-Platonic Papers, 312: p. 10 of 2-41.
- ^ 王念孫 (Wang Niansun) (1831); 《讀書雜志》 (Miscelaneous Reading Notes), "vol. 6". quote: (使黃河如帶泰山若厲念孫案黃字乃後入所加欲以黃河對泰山耳不知西漢以前無謂河為黃河者)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 黃 | 河 |
| こう Jinmeiyō |
が Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 黃河 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 黃河, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 黃 | 河 |
Proper noun
- hanja form? of 황하 (“Yellow River”)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 黃 | 河 |
Proper noun
黃河
- chữ Hán form of Hoàng Hà (“Yellow River”).