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Chinese
Japanese
Etymology 1
Alternative spelling
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黃泉 (kyūjitai)
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*⟨yo2mo2⟩ → */jəmə/ → ⟨yo2mo⟩ → */jəmo/ → /jomo/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, compiled in 712 CE. Appears to be the older combining form of yomi (see below).
The ablaut or apophonic form of cognate 山 (yama, “mountain”). Mountains were often used as a place to bury the dead and were strongly associated with the afterlife. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉/黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”), incorporating the underworld from Chinese mythology.
Pronunciation
Noun
黄泉 • (yomo)
- (Shinto, archaic) the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld
Usage notes
- Takes the Old Japanese possessive particle つ (tsu), as in the phrase 黄泉つ (yomo tsu).
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 黄泉つ (yomo tsu)
- 黄泉つ軍 (yomo tsu ikusa, “army of the dead”)
- 黄泉つ神 (yomo tsu kami, “god of the dead”)
- 黄泉国, 黄泉つ国 (yomo tsu kuni, “land of the dead”)
- 黄泉醜女, 黄泉つ醜女 (yomo tsu shikome, “demoness inhabitant of the land of the dead”)
- 黄泉つ平坂 (yomo tsu hirasaka, “hills of the dead, lying between this world and the afterlife”)
- 黄泉竈食, 黄泉つ竈食い (yomo tsu hegui, “eating from the kitchen of the dead → dying, death”)
Etymology 2
Alternative spelling
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黃泉 (kyūjitai)
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*⟨yo2mi2⟩ → */jəmwi/ → /jomi/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE) alongside its combining form yomo (see above).
The ablaut or apophonic form of yomo. For this vowel alternation, see WT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉/黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”), incorporating the underworld from Chinese mythology.
Pronunciation
Noun
黄泉 • (yomi)
- (Shinto) the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld
- Synonyms: 泉下 (senka), 冥土 (meido), 冥府 (meifu), 黄泉路 (yomiji), 黄泉国 (yomo tsu kuni, yomi no kuni)
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Alternative spellings
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黃泉 (kyūjitai) 黄泉路
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Compound of 黄泉 (yomi, “land of the dead, underworld”, see above) + 路 (chi, “road”).[3] The chi changes to ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The kanji spelling reflects the extension of the sense from "the road to the underworld" to '"the underworld" itself.
Pronunciation
Noun
黄泉 • (yomiji) ←よみぢ (yomidi)?
- Alternative spelling of 黄泉路 (yomiji): the road to the land of the dead; by extension, the underworld itself
Usage notes
The 黄泉 spelling may be more common in certain contexts.
Derived terms
Etymology 4
Alternative spelling
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黃泉 (kyūjitai)
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/kwau sen/ → /kwɔːseɴ/ → /kɔːseɴ/ → /koːseɴ/
From Middle Chinese 黃泉 (MC hwang dzjwen, literally “yellow springs”). Attested in various Heian period texts.[4]
Pronunciation
Noun
黄泉 • (kōsen) ←くわうせん (kwausen)?
- an underground spring
- the underworld, the land of the dead
- Synonyms: 冥土 (meido), 黄泉路 (yomiji)
Derived terms
Proverbs
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ “こう‐せん[クヮウ‥] 【黄泉】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here