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U+9ED4, 黔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ED4

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 203, +4, 16 strokes, cangjie input 田火人戈弓 (WFOIN), four-corner 68327, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1519, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48056
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2052, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4744, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+9ED4

Chinese

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡram, *ɡrɯm) : semantic (black) + phonetic (OC *krɯm)

Etymology

Perhaps an areal word related to Longzhou Zhuang kʰam¹ ("cloudy; dark"), Proto-Katuic *koom (black) (Schuessler, 2007). See also and .

Pronunciation


Note:
  • khiâm - literary;
  • khâm - vernacular.
Note:
  • kim5/ngim5 - literary (ngim5 - alternative pronunciation);
  • kam5 - vernacular.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial () (30) (30)
    Final () (140) (154)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division () III III
    Fanqie
    Baxter gim gjem
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɡˠiɪm/ /ɡˠiᴇm/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɡᵚim/ /ɡᵚiɛm/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɡiem/ /ɡiæm/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /gjim/ /gjiam/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɡjəm/ /ɡjɛm/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɡĭĕm/ /ɡĭɛm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /gi̯əm/ /gi̯ɛm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    qín qián
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    kam4 kim4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    qián
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ gjem ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*(r)m/
    English black

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 6580 6606
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡram/ /*ɡrɯm/

    Definitions

    1. (literary) black
    2. (obsolete) to blacken by tanning or exposure to smoke
    3. () Name of a prefecture in ancient China now located in Chongqing and Guizhou.
    4. Short for 貴州贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”).
    5. a surname

    Synonyms

    Compounds

    Japanese

    Kanji

    (Hyōgai kanji)

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    Readings

    • On (unclassified): けん (ken)きん (kin)
    • Kun: くろい (kuroi)

    Korean

    Hanja

    (geom, geum) (hangeul , , revised geom, geum, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, kŭm, Yale kem, kum)

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    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Nôm readings: kiềm

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