鼓

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

See images of
Radical 207 鼓

鼓 (Kangxi radical 207, 鼓+0, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土廿十水 (GTJE), four-corner 4414₇, composition ⿰壴支)

1. Kangxi radical #207, ⿎.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/鼓
• 𠿤, 𫱺, 臌, 𭿢, 𨭸(𫔐), 𮨲, 𡽌, 瞽, 𦗺, 𨆊, 𮝪, 䥢, 𮩑, 𪇀, 𡽂, 薣, 𩰛

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1526, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48330
• Dae Jaweon: page 2061, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4763, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9F13

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鼓
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 壴 (“drum”) + 支 (“hand holding drumstick”).

Etymology

Area word; compare Proto-Tai *klɔŋᴬ (“drum”), Saek (tlɔɔŋᴬ¹), Proto-Hlai *laŋ¹ (“drum”), Proto-Wa (*kloʔ, "bronze-drum") (Schuessler, 2007).

瞽 (OC *kʷaːʔ, “blind man; musician”) is a derivative.

Pronunciation

Definitions

鼓

1. (music) drum (Classifier: 面 m)

   鼓手  ―  gǔshǒu  ―  drummer

2. to drum; to beat a drum

   • 公將鼓之。劌曰：未可。齊人三鼓。劌曰：可矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     公将鼓之。刿曰：未可。齐人三鼓。刿曰：可矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Gōng jiāng gǔ zhī. Guì yuē: wèikě. Qí rén sān gǔ. Guì yuē: kě yǐ.

     When the Duke was about to sound the drum for the attack, Tsao said, "Not yet." When the men of Qi had drummed thrice, Tsao said, "Now we can drum."

   • 於是鼓之右，婦人大笑。孫子曰：「約束不明，申令不熟，將之罪也。」復三令五申而鼓之左，婦人復大笑。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     于是鼓之右，妇人大笑。孙子曰：「约束不明，申令不熟，将之罪也。」复三令五申而鼓之左，妇人复大笑。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Yúshì gǔ zhī yòu, fùrén dàxiào. Sūnzǐ yuē: “Yuēshù bùmíng, shēnlìng bù shú, jiāng zhī zuì yě.” Fù sānlìngwǔshēn ér gǔ zhī zuǒ, fùrén fù dàxiào.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. (literary) to play; to perform; to sound (a musical instrument)

   • 鼓鐘欽欽，鼓瑟鼓琴。笙磬同音。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     鼓钟钦钦，鼓瑟鼓琴。笙磬同音。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Gǔ zhōng qīn qīn, gǔ sè gǔ qín. Shēng qìng tóngyīn.

     His bells ring out k'in k'in;
     His lutes, large and small, give their notes;
     The tones of his organs and sounding stones are in unison.

4. to beat; to clap

   鼓掌  ―  gǔzhǎng  ―  to clap hands

   • 呂望之鼓刀兮，遭周文而得舉。甯戚之謳歌兮，齊桓聞以該輔。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     吕望之鼓刀兮，遭周文而得举。甯戚之讴歌兮，齐桓闻以该辅。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Lǚ wàng zhī gǔ dāo xī, zāo Zhōu wén ér dé jǔ. Níng qī zhī ōu gē xī, Qí Huán wén yǐ gāi fǔ.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. ^† to blast hot air for smelting

   • 偃矯制，使膠東、魯國鼓鑄鹽鐵。還，奏事，徙為太常丞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     偃矫制，使胶东、鲁国鼓铸盐铁。还，奏事，徙为太常丞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Yǎn jiǎozhì, shǐ Jiāodōng, Lǔguó gǔ zhù yán tiě. Hái, zòu shì, xǐ wèi tàicháng chéng.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

6. to incite; to encourage

   鼓勵／鼓励  ―  gǔlì  ―  to encourage

7. to protrude; to bulge
8. a surname

Synonyms

• (drum): (Hakka) 鼓仔
• (to protrude):

Hypernyms

• (drum): 打擊樂器／打击乐器 (dǎjī yuèqì)

Descendants

(Others):

• Wutunhua: guu

Compounds

References

• “鼓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. drum

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
• Kun: つづみ (tsuzumi, 鼓, Jōyō)^{←つづみ (tudumi, つづみ, historical)}

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

鼓

Wikipedia ^ja

/tudumi₁/ → /tudumi/ → /t͡sud͡zumi/ → /t͡suzumi/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *tuntumi. Related to Okinawan 鼓 (chijin).

Alternative forms

• 皷

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つづみ​ (Odaka – )
• (Tokyo) つづみ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

鼓(つづみ) • (tsuzumi) 

1. generic name for musical instruments with a leather head that can be struck.
2. a tsuzumi, hand drum with leather heads at both ends, used in Japanese traditional performing arts:
   1. a 小鼓 (kotsuzumi)
   2. an 大鼓 (ōtsuzumi)
3. a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), like the leather head of a tsuzumi

Proper noun

鼓(つずみ) • (Tsuzumi) 

1. a surname

鼓(つづみ) • (Tsuzumi) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

Etymology 2

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

鼓(つつみ) • (Tsutsumi) 

1. a surname

鼓(ひびき) • (Hibiki) 

1. a female given name

   from 響き (hibiki, “echo”)

References

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

鼓

Wikisource

鼓 (eumhun 북 고 (buk go))

1. Hanja form^? of 고 (“drum”).

Vietnamese

Han character

鼓: Hán Nôm readings: cổ

1. chữ Hán form of cổ (“drum”).

Compounds