ꜥꜣj

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Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

Verb

aA
a		 AY1V

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) physically big, large
  2. (intransitive) to be(come) much, numerous, many in number or great in quantity
  3. (intransitive, of abstract things) to be(come) great in degree or magnitude, strong, extreme
    1. (intransitive, of age) to be(come) high, great
    2. (intransitive, of strength and power) to be(come) strong, great, mighty
    3. (intransitive, of magic, protection, etc.) to be(come) strong, effective, great
  4. (intransitive, of time) to be(come) long
  5. (intransitive, of people, gods, etc.) to be(come) older, senior, the elder among several
    • 12th Dynasty, Stela of Nakhti, British Museum EA 143:
      Q1ir
      nb      		 A40DdDdwO49
      t Z1      		 nTraA
      wsjr nb-ḏdw nṯr-ꜥꜣ
      Osiris, Lord of Djedu, the elder god
  6. (intransitive, of people, names, etc.) to be(come) great, important, distinguished, exalted
  7. (intransitive, of people) to be(come) superior, in charge
  8. (intransitive, of crimes) to be(come) grave, severe
  9. (intransitive, of words and decrees) to be(come) heavy, weighty, important
  10. (intransitive, of the Nile) to be(come) high, swollen with floodwater, to be in inundation
  11. (intransitive, of festivals and funerals) to be(come) great, magnificent

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥꜣj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜥꜣ, geminated stem: ꜥꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ꜥꜣt, ꜥꜣj
 ꜥꜣw, ꜥꜣ
 ꜥꜣt, ꜥꜣwt, ꜥꜣyt
 ꜥꜣ
 ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ꜥꜣ8, ꜥꜣꜣ8
 ḥr ꜥꜣt, ḥr ꜥꜣj
 m ꜥꜣt, m ꜥꜣj
 r ꜥꜣt, r ꜥꜣj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect ꜥꜣ.n
 consecutive ꜥꜣ.jn
terminative ꜥꜣt, ꜥꜣyt
perfective3 ꜥꜣ
 obligative1 ꜥꜣ.ḫr
imperfective ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy
prospective3 ꜥꜣw, ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy
 potentialis1 ꜥꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect ꜥꜣ.n
 — —
perfective ꜥꜣw1, ꜥꜣy, ꜥꜣ
 ꜥꜣ
 ꜥꜣy, ꜥꜣ
imperfective ꜥꜣꜣ, ꜥꜣꜣy, ꜥꜣꜣw5
 ꜥꜣꜣ, ꜥꜣꜣj6, ꜥꜣꜣy6
 ꜥꜣꜣ, ꜥꜣꜣw5
prospective ꜥꜣw1, ꜥꜣy, ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣtj7
 ꜥꜣwtj1 4, ꜥꜣtj4, ꜥꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣj  
aA
a		 A
aA
O29V
aA
a		 AY1V
aA
a
A19
aA
Y1
ꜥꜣj ꜥꜣj ꜥꜣj ꜥꜣj ꜥꜣj ꜥꜣj ꜥꜣj

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • “ꜥꜣi̯ (lemma ID 34750)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 161.3–162.17
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 37
  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 457.
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