갈다

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆯ다〮 (Yale: kòl-tá), probably from pre-MK *<kòl->; see Appendix:Koreanic reconstructions#/l/ and /ɾ/ merger. Manchu ᡥᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (halambi, “to change, to replace”) is probably borrowed from Koreanic in ancient times.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

갈다 • (galda) (infinitive 갈아, sequential 가니) (transitive)

1. to change, to replace, to switch (in general)

   Synonym: 교체(交替)하다 (gyochehada)

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆯ〮다〮 (Yale: kól-tá), probably from pre-MK *<kór->; see Appendix:Koreanic reconstructions#/l/ and /ɾ/ merger.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

갈다 • (galda) (infinitive 갈아, sequential 가니) (transitive)

1. to grind
2. to whet, to hone (a blade)

   칼을 갈다 ― kar-eul galda ― to sharpen a sword

3. to grit, to gnash (one's teeth)

   이를 갈다 ― i-reul galda ― to gnash one's teeth

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 갈〯다〮 (Yale: kǎl-tá).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

갈다 • (galda) (infinitive 갈아, sequential 가니) (transitive)

1. to sow; to plow, to till

   밭을 갈다 ― bat-eul galda ― to plow a field